{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T04:39:15Z","timestamp":1777523955554,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736294400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To assess the effectiveness of probiotic and fluoride toothpaste on enamel mineralization and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                      levels in cleft lip and\/or palate patients undergoing fixed orthodontic appliance therapy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A randomized comparative trial with a 1:1 allocation ratio.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-two patients with cleft lip and\/or palate undergoing fixed orthodontic appliances were recruited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cleft lip and\/or palate patients undergoing fixed orthodontic appliances were randomized into Group 1 (probiotic toothpaste) or Group 2 (fluoride toothpaste). The toothpaste was given to the patient after oral prophylaxis. The patients were advised to use the toothpaste two times a day (morning and night) for a period of 4 weeks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcomes<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Enamel mineral content was assessed before intervention (T0) and after 4 weeks of intervention (T1) using DIAGNOdent.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                      levels were assessed after 4 weeks of intervention (T1) for both the groups using real time-polymerization chain reaction (RT-PCR). Paired\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -tests and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -tests were used for intragroup and intergroup comparisons, respectively. A\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      -value\u2009&lt;\u2009.05 was considered statistically significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both the groups showed improvement in enamel mineral content after 4 weeks of intervention.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                      levels in the probiotic-containing toothpaste were lesser when compared to the fluoridated toothpaste group. No statistically significant difference was found between probiotic toothpaste and fluoridated toothpaste in both the assessed parameters.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Probiotic toothpaste is as effective as fluoride toothpaste in enamel remineralization. Probiotic toothpaste showed greater inhibitory effect on\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                      than the fluoridated toothpaste.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656241309444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T04:17:35Z","timestamp":1736309855000},"page":"641-647","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effect of Probiotic Toothpaste on Enamel Mineralization and\n                    <i>Streptococcus mutans<\/i>\n                    Levels in Cleft Orthodontic Patients\u2014A Randomized Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Dinesh","family":"Murugesan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sri Ramachandra Dental College"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6804-3889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C. 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