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Secondary outcomes were to assess the effect of cleft type, age, and sex on pharyngeal airways.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane's CENTRAL (up to August 2023) identified 39 clinical studies meeting PECO criteria, with their risk of bias assessed using the Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Exposure tool. Of these, 33 were included in a random-effects inverse variance meta-analysis. The results indicated that nonsyndromic CLP patients demonstrated a significant reduction in the volumes of total pharyngeal airway (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.01), velopharynx (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001), and oropharynx (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001) compared to healthy individuals. No significant differences were observed between groups regarding nasopharynx (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.60) and hypopharynx (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.36) regions. The minimum cross-sectional area was significantly smaller in CLP patients compared to healthy individuals (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.02). The cleft type, age, and sex showed no significant effects on the extent of dimension reduction in pharyngeal airways (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u2009.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusion<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The pharyngeal airway dimensions, particularly in the middle sections (velopharynx and oropharynx), are significantly reduced in nonsyndromic CLP patients when compared to the healthy controls. Variations in CLP type, patient age, and sex do not significantly influence this decrease in dimensions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656251325095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T18:44:27Z","timestamp":1758912267000},"page":"1373-1384","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparison of Pharyngeal Airway Dimensions Between Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and Palate Patients and Healthy Controls: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Farzaneh","family":"Ahrari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mashhad University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neda","family":"Eslami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mashhad University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3780-5032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erfan","family":"Bardideh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mashhad University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4453-2952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahsa","family":"Ghorbani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mashhad University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Forghani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mashhad University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arya","family":"Gazerani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mashhad University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000337464"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/10-223"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","article-title":"Global birth prevalence of orofacial clefts: a systematic review","volume":"98","author":"Panamonta V","year":"2015","unstructured":"Panamonta V, Pradubwong S, Panamonta M, Chowchuen B. 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