{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T04:40:56Z","timestamp":1777524056357,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,13]],"date-time":"2025-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744502400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Objective<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to explore the personal and cultural perceptions of participants from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) regarding the etiology and management of orofacial clefts (OFCs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Design<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional descriptive study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Setting<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DRC across 19 provinces.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Main Outcome Measure(s)<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Perceptions regarding knowledge of the causes and treatment for OFCs were gathered through surveys in structured interviews.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 710 adults participated (360 women, 350 men), with 51.27% living in urban areas. Most participants (41.1%) were ages 20 to 29 years, with a mean age of 32.5\u2009\u00b1\u20097.8 years, were married (68.3%), and had secondary education (66.9%). The majority of participants (80.8%) had seen someone with OFC. Personal opinions about OFC etiology included not knowing the cause (33.8%), congenital\/hereditary factors (20.8%), God's will (15.6%), evil spirits or witchcraft (10.7%), and disease (9.9%). Similarly, cultural perceptions mostly cited uncertainty (37.9%), evil spirits (19.2%), God's will (13.1%), and congenital\/hereditary factors (13.0%). A majority of participants (75.8%) recommended medical care for OFC, which did not vary based on participants\u2019 sex, age, residence, marital status, educational level, or religion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusion<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A range of personal and cultural perceptions were reported about OFCs in the DRC, with many respondents unsure of the cause and most recommending surgery across sociodemographic backgrounds. These insights can help develop culturally appropriate interventions to raise awareness, reduce stigma, and improve the management of OFCs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656251327841","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T01:45:56Z","timestamp":1744595156000},"page":"1241-1248","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Personal and Cultural Perceptions About Orofacial Clefts in the Democratic Republic of the Congo"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7959-7665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e9dard Kakule","family":"Kabuyaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Goma"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, HEAL Africa Hospital, Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6902-7023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier","family":"Mukuku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research, Institut Sup\u00e9rieur des Techniques M\u00e9dicales de Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahuka","family":"Onalongombe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kisangani"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eshete","family":"Mekonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Todd M.","family":"Van Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Aesthetic and Plastic Surgery"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Millican","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stanis Okitotsho","family":"Wembonyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Severin Uwonda","family":"Akinja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mbujimayi, Mbujimayi, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"127","volume-title":"Cleft Lip and Palate: From Origin to Treatment","author":"Little J","year":"2002","unstructured":"Little J, Mossey P. 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