{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T04:41:04Z","timestamp":1777524064242,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743120000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018379","name":"VTCT Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018379","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The Underwood Trust","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011696","name":"Scar Free Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011696","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Cleft bridging the gap","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Objective<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Determine if early speech and language development in children born with cleft lip and\/or palate (CL\/P) was impacted by social restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Design<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cohort study using data from The Cleft Collective.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Participants<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children with CL\/P whose first 18-24 months were before the pandemic compared to children whose first 18-24 months were impacted by the pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Measures<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Primary outcome: parental reported Ages and Stages Questionnaire\u2014Third Edition (ASQ-3). Secondary outcomes: 18- to 24-month speech and language therapy (SLT) assessment location; ability to judge velopharyngeal function for speech; SLT judged-expressive language and consonant inventory size for children with a cleft palate. Analyses adjusted for confounders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We found no statistical evidence to suggest a difference in ASQ-3 communication (n\u2009=\u2009631; OR\n                      <jats:sub>adjusted<\/jats:sub>\n                      0.96; 95% CIs 0.533, 1.742;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.902), SLT judgements of expressive language (n\u2009=\u2009175; OR\n                      <jats:sub>adjusted<\/jats:sub>\n                      0.66; 95% CIs 0.224, 1.947;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.452), or consonant inventory size at age 18-24 months (n\u2009=\u2009186; IRR\n                      <jats:sub>adjusted<\/jats:sub>\n                      0.98; 95% CIs 0.775, 1.249;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.896) between pre-pandemic and pandemic impacted groups. There was weak statistical evidence of an association between virtual appointments and SLT being unable to rate features of velopharyngeal function for speech (OR\n                      <jats:sub>adjusted<\/jats:sub>\n                      3.54; 95%CIs 0.849, 14.755;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.083).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No statistical evidence of an association between exposure to pandemic-related social restrictions and early language development or consonant inventory size at age 18-24 months. Small sample sizes, variation in the pandemic impacted groups, and limitations of the measures should be considered when interpreting the findings. Further work is required to further examine the use of virtual appointments for speech assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656251328843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T23:31:23Z","timestamp":1743204683000},"page":"1249-1260","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of Pandemic-Related Social Restrictions on Language and Speech Development in Children with Cleft Lip and\/or Palate at 18-24 Months"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7234-0539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy","family":"Davies","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bristol"},{"name":"University of Bristol"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Southby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bristol"},{"name":"University of Bristol"},{"name":"North Bristol NHS Trust"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swansea Bay University Health Board"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Extence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swansea Bay University Health Board"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Brierley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Birmingham Children's Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1575-453X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yvonne","family":"Wren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bristol"},{"name":"University of Bristol"},{"name":"North Bristol NHS Trust"},{"name":"Cardiff Metropolitan University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"Investigating the Role of Language in Children\u2019s Early Educational Outcomes","author":"Roulstone S","year":"2011","unstructured":"Roulstone S, Law J, Rush R, Clegg J, Peters T. 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