{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T14:19:34Z","timestamp":1788877174005,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746576000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the prevalent preoperative oral microbial flora in children undergoing palatoplasty and its association with surgical site infection (SSI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective observational longitudinal study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Single-center study done at tertiary care institute of Craniofacial surgery during the period of October 2022 to April 2024.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study participants were the children posted for palatoplasty in our institution. Children with other major anomalies, immunodeficiency, and systemic illness were excluded. A total of 30 consecutive samples were enrolled during the study period, and all were followed up to finish the study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Subgingival plaque samples were taken preoperatively and one postoperatively in the event of SSI and culture sensitivity analysis was done to detect pathogenic micro-organisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Risk analysis done for the baseline characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Most common pathogenic organism seen preoperatively was\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Streptococcus mitis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (34.8%) followed by\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      (26%) and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (26%). Bottle-fed children and those with preoperative infections had an adjusted odds ratio of 36.56 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.004) and 5.71 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.05), respectively, for colonization by pathogenic flora. The incidence of SSI was 25.8% in the population, with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">K pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      as the most common cause (75%). The children who were underweight and had past hospital admission had an odds ratio of 16.67 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.002) and 10.2 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.009) for developing SSI.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conclude that bottle feeding and past infections play a role in colonization by pathogenic flora.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      is the common organism causing SSI, and nutrition status plays a role in development of SSI.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656251335181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T03:25:12Z","timestamp":1746588312000},"page":"1330-1336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Association Between Oral Microbiome in Children Undergoing Palatoplasty and Surgical Site Infection"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5236-9015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suryakala","family":"Chandrasekaran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"K S Hegde Medical Academy"},{"name":"Nitte (Deemed to be University)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1127-9046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Swathi Sunil","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"K S Hegde Medical Academy"},{"name":"Nitte (Deemed to be University)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikram","family":"Shetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Craniofacial Surgery, Mangalore, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"National population-based estimates for major birth defects 2010-2014 - PubMed. 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A comparison of postoperative outcomes between unilateral and bilateral palatoplasty: analysis of 2015-2020 pediatric NSQIP data. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. Published online July 27, 2023:10556656231190517.","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0358.57203","article-title":"Oronasal fistula in cleft palate surgery","volume":"42","author":"Sadhu P","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sadhu P. Oronasal fistula in cleft palate surgery. Indian J Plast Surg. 2009;42(Suppl):S123\u2013S128.","journal-title":"Indian J Plast Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","unstructured":"Fistula incidence after primary cleft palate repair: a systematic review of the literature - PubMed. 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