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Functioning was assessed in relation to nighttime oxygenation and neural structure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Observational, case\/control study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data was obtained at two clinical settings (University of Iowa and University of Pittsburgh Children's Hospital).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty infants with and without oral cleft were enrolled and evaluated at 2 months of age. Seven additional infants the same age with a subset of measures from an earlier study were also included. The combined sample included 27 participants: 5 with cleft lip only (iCL), 8 with cleft lip and palate (iCLP), and 14 unaffected (UA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Parent ratings of general functioning and emergent language (Bayley-4 SEABQ), acoustic measures of vocalizations, overnight pulse oximetry, and structural Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Success rates for measures were high for emergent language and vocal acoustics (100% and 89%, respectively) and moderate for oximetry and MRI scans (63% and 70%, respectively). Participants with iCLP had the lowest outcomes for emergent language and vocal acoustics, as well as the highest number of desaturations and lowest myelin intensity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results of this study\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">a<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) support feasibility of obtaining pre-speech, oxygenation, and neural measures in early infancy,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">b<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) identify patterns of higher risk for participants with iCLP,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">c<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and suggest that some neural differences may be present prior to exposure to anesthesia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656251339352","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T03:23:07Z","timestamp":1748920987000},"page":"1490-1503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Associations of Sleep Disordered Breathing and Neurodevelopment with Pre-Speech Function in 2-Month-Old Infants with Oral Cleft: A Feasibility Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5360-7517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy L.","family":"Conrad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8002-7569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathleen","family":"Wermke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pre-speech Development and Developmental Disorders, Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, Wurzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5242-3844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesse","family":"Goldstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Health System"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9924-6067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah","family":"Kacmarynski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa"},{"name":"University of Iowa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2551-8127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy","family":"Koscik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8639-5354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent","family":"Magnotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7647-7994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiren","family":"Muzumdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6873-7768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah","family":"Lin-Dyken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9538-3904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott","family":"Dailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa"},{"name":"University of Iowa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03367-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.97.4.529"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656221116008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2020-319123"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0162196"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665620926083"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","article-title":"Psychosocial status and self-perception in patients with cleft lip and\/or palate","author":"Salinero LK","year":"2024","unstructured":"Salinero LK, Romeo DJ, Pontell ME, et al. 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