{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T10:59:43Z","timestamp":1781261983057,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751241600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate risk factors for otitis media (OM) in children with cleft lip and\/or palate (CL\/P).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systematic review of MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL, and Web of Science using PRISMA guidelines. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan5.4.1.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eligible studies included cross-sectional, retrospective, and prospective studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients\/Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pediatric patients with CL\/P who develop OM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>OM risk factors including age, gender, and cleft type and size.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s)<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Incidence of OM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eighteen studies involving 2272 children with CL\/P were included. Pooled results showed no statistically significant difference in OM incidence between male and female children with CL\/P (OR: 1.16; 95% CI: 0.80-1.60;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.44). There was no significant difference in OM incidence between patients aged 2 years and below and those aged above 2 years (OR: 2.14; 95% CI: 0.33-13.83;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.42). Cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients demonstrated significantly higher incidences of OM than cleft palate (CP) (OR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.09-2.29;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.02) and cleft lip (CL) patients (OR: 8.26; 95% CI: 2.21-30.90;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.002). CP-only patients also demonstrated significantly higher OM incidences than CL-only patients (OR: 22.30; 95% CI: 8.40-59.21;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.00001). Moreover, CPs classified as Veau III and IV showed higher OM incidences than those classified as Veau I and II (OR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.18-0.58;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.0001 and OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.33-0.77;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.001, respectively).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CLP and CP alone are significant risk factors for developing OM in children, but not age and sex.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656251352708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T02:01:02Z","timestamp":1751335262000},"page":"1910-1919","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Risk Factors for Otitis Media in Pediatric Patients With Cleft Lip and\/or Cleft Palate: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Arshbir","family":"Aulakh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia Okanagan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arshroop","family":"Khaira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0805-2644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murad","family":"Husein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5460-3155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie E","family":"Strychowsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7159-2953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M Elise","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-4356(96)90242-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000034419"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656211040015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000164494.45986.91"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60695-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200310000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-3349"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036226"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2005.08.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page MJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al. 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