{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T19:14:57Z","timestamp":1793301297449,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757548800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757548800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify, describe, and characterize computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD\/CAM) methods for nasoalveolar molding (NAM) based on a structured search of scientific literature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Scoping review was conducted following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Searches were done in MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus. Screening and data extraction were performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Infants with unrepaired, nonsyndromic, complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), or bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Intervention<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CAD\/CAM NAM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Outcome measures were the digitization, virtual modeling, and manufacturing protocols.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirteen articles were included. CAD\/CAM NAM involved digitizing the maxilla, designing step-by-step (stepwise) alveolar movements or expansion of plates, then manufacturing plates manually or through 3D printing. Four methods were characterized based on the virtual modeling and manufacturing techniques employed: stepwise alveolar molding and manually fabricated plates (SM_MP); stepwise alveolar molding and 3D-printed plates (SM_3P); stepwise plate expansion and 3D-printed plates (SPE_3P); and semi-automated plate expansion and 3D-printed plates (SAPE_3P). The SM_MP method was the most common, followed by the SM_3P, SPE_3P, and SAPE_3P methods. All methods were applied to treat infants with UCLP, whereas only the SM_MP and SM_3P methods were used for infants with BCLP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This scoping review provides an overview of 4 CAD\/CAM methods for NAM. The SM_MP and SM_3P methods simulate alveolar molding; however, the SM_3P method exhibits more advanced design and manufacturing of plates. The SPE_3P and SAPE_3P methods design consecutively enlarged plates, with the latter employing a semi-automated protocol.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656251363400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T16:42:41Z","timestamp":1757608961000},"page":"2698-2712","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing Technology for Conducting Nasoalveolar Molding for Infants With Cleft Lip and Palate: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7374-8548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bach Kim","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0939-9141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camila","family":"Caro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4338-5599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyle","family":"Stevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8843-7732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriella A","family":"Garisto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1707-2698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoav","family":"Finer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2933"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2021.108373"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000337464"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_1999_036_0486_pnmiiw_2.3.co_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000000096"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-1298(03)00140-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1760447"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-925902"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_2001_038_0193_pnomip_2.0.co_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/bjo.22.4.299"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665618766978"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665620929224"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3181f6f9ae"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2013.06.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000001286"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665619889807"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2011.08.031","article-title":"Correction of maxillary deformity in infants with bilateral cleft lip and palate using computer-assisted design","volume":"114","author":"Gong X","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gong X, Yu Q. 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