{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T14:19:34Z","timestamp":1788877174603,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759449600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine whether human milk feeding in children with cleft palate (CP\u2009\u00b1\u2009L) reduces tympanostomy tubes and improves hearing, speech, and language outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tertiary children's hospital at a Cleft Craniofacial Specialty Clinic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients, Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>319 children with CP\u2009\u00b1\u2009L who were born between April 2005 and April 2015 were included.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Impacts on otological, hearing, and speech\/language outcomes were analyzed in children fed human milk for any duration, \u22653 months, and \u22656 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s)<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tympanostomy tube placement history, hearing status before and after tube placement, and speech\/language development at 2 and 5 years of age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children with CP\u2009\u00b1\u2009L fed human milk for \u22653 months (143\/319, 44.8%) had decreased odds of abnormal hearing tests (odds ratio [OR]: 0.174, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.0266-0.845) or tympanograms (OR: 0.059, 95% CI: 0.008-0.936) before tube placement and decreased odds of bilateral effusion at tube placement (OR: 0.236, 95% CI: 0.089-0.628), even when accounting for Robin sequence and insurance type. There was no significant association between human milk feeding and hearing after tube placement. However, language delays (OR: 0.279, 95% CI: 0.084-0.930) and speech sound production disorder (OR: 0.488, 95% CI: 0.246-0.967) at 5 years of age were less common in those who received human milk of any duration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Feeding human milk to children with CP\u2009\u00b1\u2009L was associated with improved otological, hearing, speech, and language outcomes. Despite the known challenges of feeding infants with CP\u2009\u00b1\u2009L, this study demonstrates the added benefits of human milk in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656251380545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T18:09:52Z","timestamp":1759514992000},"page":"2509-2522","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Impact of Human Milk on Tympanostomy Tube, Hearing, and Speech Sequelae in Children With Cleft Palate"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6832-2602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah","family":"Piston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noel","family":"Jabbour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0601-912X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew D","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5242-3844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesse A","family":"Goldstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph E","family":"Losee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5783-9198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amber D","family":"Shaffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejwf.2024.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2017.08.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2013.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2024.112029"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30574\/wjarr.2023.19.1.1443"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0278-2391(10)80101-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656241287759"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-024-02636-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_2003_040_0453_tiocto_2.0.co_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2001\/099)"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"21","article-title":"Reading disability in children with clefts","volume":"25","author":"Richman LC","year":"1988","unstructured":"Richman LC, Eliason MJ, Lindgren SD. 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