{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T02:43:22Z","timestamp":1793069002984,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761523200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3U01DE029750"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3U01DE029750"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE031253"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE031253"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Examine the percent consonants correct (PCC) produced by 3- and 4-year-old children with and without cleft palate using the American English Phrase Sample (AEPS) from the Cleft Audit Protocol for Speech-Augmented-Americleft Modification (CAPS-A-AM) protocol.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective, cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Public research university.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty preschool age children were included: 30 with cleft palate and 30 without cleft palate. Each group was comprised of 15 children aged 3;0 to 3;11 (years; months) and 15 children aged 4;0 to 4;11.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Imitation of the AEPS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Total PCC and PCC by manner of production were calculated from the AEPS. Group differences were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test; data are reported as median and interquartle range (IQR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The median total PCC for 3-year-olds with cleft palate was 38% (IQR\u2009=\u200924-58), which was significantly lower (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0001) than the 3-year-olds without a cleft (70%; IQR\u2009=\u200960-77). Similarly, 4-year-olds with cleft palate produced a median PCC of 40% (IQR\u2009=\u20099-67), which was significantly lower (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) than 4-year-olds without a cleft (86%; IQR\u2009=\u200984-96). Only 20% (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20093) of 3-year-olds and 7% (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091) of 4-year-olds with cleft palate produced a total PCC within of the IQR of their noncleft peers\u2019 total PCC. Across both age groups, children with cleft palate produced stops, fricatives, affricates, liquids, and consonant clusters with significantly lower accuracy than their same-age peers.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PCC scores derived from transcription of the AEPS may offer speech language pathologists a practical way to assess consonant accuracy using an imitation stimulus already integrated into clinical protocols.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656251388398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T16:07:51Z","timestamp":1761581271000},"page":"3214-3224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Examining Percent Consonants Correct Produced by Preschool Children With and Without Cleft Palate Using the American English Phrase Sample"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2882-7275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica L","family":"Chee-Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State University"},{"name":"Phoenix Children's Center for Cleft and Craniofacial, A Division of Plastic Surgery, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1154-169X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah F","family":"McNeal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly Nett","family":"Cordero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State University"},{"name":"Phoenix Children's Center for Cleft and Craniofacial, A Division of Plastic Surgery, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9620-3157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurel","family":"Bruce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliet","family":"Weinhold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy J","family":"Scherer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2022_JSLHR-21-00444"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2019_JSLHR-S-17-0461"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2009\/09-0021)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0305000911000304"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2022_JSLHR-22-00264"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2017.09.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.7402002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jslhr.4206.1461"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_2001_038_0030_clapci_2.0.co_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/03-134.1"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"230","article-title":"Patterns of articulation abilities in speakers with cleft palate","volume":"16","author":"Van Demark DR","year":"1979","unstructured":"Van Demark DR, Morris HL, Vandehaar C. 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