{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T13:57:22Z","timestamp":1790776642291,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763942400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate whether PNAM treatment in patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate would affect maxillary bone development using CBCT and three-dimensional facial scanning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Single institution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 37 patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate were selected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Group 1 (n\u2009=\u200920): PNAM treatment was performed before surgery for unilateral complete cleft lip. Group 2 (n\u2009=\u200917): Unilateral complete cleft lip patients did not receive PNAM treatment before surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The linear or angular relationships between the landmark points of the maxilla on the cleft and non-cleft sides in the two groups of patients, the development of the depth, width and height of the maxilla in the two groups of patients, and the development of the facial soft tissue in the two groups of patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No significant differences were found between the PNAM and N-PNAM groups in nasal or maxillary dimensions, maxillomandibular relationships, or craniofacial structures. For maxillary morphology, only WLPA (sagittal), DZm, and DMA (coronal) showed significant differences; all other parameters were comparable. No significant differences were observed in any facial soft tissue measurements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After PNAM treatment, patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate during the mixed dentition period show no adverse effects on nasal and maxillary size, maxillomandibular relationship, or craniofacial structure. Although some three-dimensional parameters (WLPA, DZm, DMA) show statistical differences, these do not affect the overall morphology of the maxilla, mandible, or facial soft tissues.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656251398093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T09:02:08Z","timestamp":1763974928000},"page":"2898-2908","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Three-Dimensional Study on Facial Growth After Preoperative Nasal Alveolar Molding (PNAM) in Patients with Unilateral Complete Cleft lip and Palate"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Weimin","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Medical University"},{"name":"Department of Stomatology, The Second Nanning People's Hospital, Nanning City, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7463-5550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xianyi","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guosheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai","family":"Kuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donglan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-849X.2012.00891.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0358.182235"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"70","article-title":"Pre surgical nasoalveolar molding: Changing paradigms in early cleft lip and palate rehabilitation","volume":"5","author":"Murthy PS","year":"2013","unstructured":"Murthy PS, Deshmukh S, Bhagyalakshmi A, Srilatha K. Pre surgical nasoalveolar molding: Changing paradigms in early cleft lip and palate rehabilitation. J Int Oral Health. 2013;5(2):70\u201080.","journal-title":"J Int Oral Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22514\/jocpd.2023.090"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665620966189"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2013.06.032"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","article-title":"The facial growth pattern and the amount of palatal bone deficiency relative to cleft size should be considered in treatment planning","volume":"4","author":"Berkowitz S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Berkowitz S. The facial growth pattern and the amount of palatal bone deficiency relative to cleft size should be considered in treatment planning. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2016;4(5):e705.","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000007828"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"155","article-title":"Influence of presurgical nasoalveolar molding (PNAM) treatment in maxillary dental arch width and nasolabial symmetry in patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate","volume":"47","author":"Chang L","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chang L, Huang Q, Ren Z, Wang Y, Jiao Y, Tao Y, Zhao H, Hou Y. Influence of presurgical nasoalveolar molding (PNAM) treatment in maxillary dental arch width and nasolabial symmetry in patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate. 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