{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T04:11:07Z","timestamp":1788667867550,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify different cost categories incurred by the parent and child born with an orofacial cleft from birth to 20 years of age in the United Kingdom.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Focus groups were used to explore different cost categories associated with cleft care based on participants' personal experiences at different stages of the cleft care pathway.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Setting: Conducted online using Microsoft Teams.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Parents of children born with unilateral cleft lip and palate, bilateral cleft lip and palate, and cleft palate were recruited from the Cleft Collective UK and the Cleft Lip and Palate Association support group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Two focus groups were used to identify cost categories within the ages 0\u201310 years (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20095) and 11\u201320 years (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20094) of the cleft care pathway.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Main Outcome Measure: Qualitative assessment identified hierarchical direct and indirect cost categories for each focus group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The main direct costs incurred originated from travel, overnight accommodation, childcare, food, equipment, private treatment, and costs originating from encouraging inclusivity for the child. The main indirect costs originated from the loss of earnings due to time out of work, and time out of school for the child. Similar cost categories were identified in both focus groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Families incur numerous direct and indirect costs for cleft care from birth to adulthood. The different categories of costs identified will inform the development of quantitative instruments that will allow a better understanding of the true financial burden of cleft care for the parent and child in the United Kingdom.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656261417258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T17:22:42Z","timestamp":1771262562000},"page":"3433-3444","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Identification of Cost Categories of Cleft Care Incurred by the Parent and Child from Birth to Adulthood in the United Kingdom"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3980-6189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melisa","family":"Padashi-Fard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bristol"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8962-2428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Thorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bristol"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2274-9947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha","family":"Husbands","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bristol"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9441-7410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Fowler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bristol"},{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"33","article-title":"Seasonality, incidence, and sex distribution of cleft lip and palate births in trent region, 1973\u20131982","volume":"25","author":"Coupland MA","year":"1988","unstructured":"Coupland MA, Coupland AI. Seasonality, incidence, and sex distribution of cleft lip and palate births in trent region, 1973\u20131982. Cleft Palate J. 1988;25(1):33-37.","journal-title":"Cleft Palate J"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656241289669"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","unstructured":"Souster GJC. 2017. Micro-costing analysis of costs to the National Health Service and to the family for a child born with unilateral cleft lip and palate: from immediately after birth to 5 years of age."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","volume-title":"Micro-costing analysis of National Health Service secondary care for children born with unilateral cleft lip and palate, bilateral cleft lip and palate, and cleft palate only, from alveolar bone graft up to 20 years of age.","author":"Durman KA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Durman KA. Micro-costing analysis of National Health Service secondary care for children born with unilateral cleft lip and palate, bilateral cleft lip and palate, and cleft palate only, from alveolar bone graft up to 20 years of age. University of Bristol; 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","volume-title":"Secondary care costs to the NHS for children born with unilateral cleft lip and palate, bilateral cleft lip and palate and cleft palate from birth to 10 years of age [Doctoral dissertation]","author":"Hasanally SA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hasanally SA. Secondary care costs to the NHS for children born with unilateral cleft lip and palate, bilateral cleft lip and palate and cleft palate from birth to 10 years of age [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Bristol; 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2005.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","unstructured":"The Cleft Collective. Describing The Cleft Collective University of Bristol Webpage2022 [Available from: http:\/\/www.bristol.ac.uk\/dental\/cleft-collective\/professionals\/describe\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","unstructured":"Association CLaP. Cleft Research Facebook Webpage2022 [28\/11\/2022]. Available from: https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CLAPACommunity\/?locale=en_GB."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bdj.2008.149"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bdj.2008.192"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10488-013-0528-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","volume-title":"Cleft Lip and Palate Association. Regionalisation of cleft lip and palate services: Has it worked? A report on users\u2019 perspectives of cleft care","author":"CLAPA","year":"2007","unstructured":"CLAPA. Cleft Lip and Palate Association. 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