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Adequacy of velopharyngeal closure and perceptual judgment of resonance were identified as primary outcome measures. Surgical interventions and speech outcomes were also described. This review identified 74 children who were diagnosed with CAS and evaluated for VPD in the VPI Clinic. For the subset (n\u2009=\u200950) of children who had surgical intervention, speech therapy, and long-term follow-up, all had improved velopharyngeal closure and resonance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656261418368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T18:03:38Z","timestamp":1771005818000},"page":"3577-3584","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Treatment and Long-Term Outcomes of Children with Co-Occurring Childhood Apraxia of Speech and Velopharyngeal Dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0370-1879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Becky S.","family":"Baas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2110-5341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taylor M.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9697-0084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heather M.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana R.","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Minnesota \u2013 Duluth"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelagh A.","family":"Cofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","volume-title":"Childhood apraxia of speech","author":"American Speech-Language-Hearing Association","year":"2007","unstructured":"American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. 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