{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T05:51:01Z","timestamp":1791525061055,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore the relationship between sleep behaviors and language development in children with cleft lip and palate (CP\u2009\u00b1\u2009L).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional analysis of questionnaire data from a national cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Setting:<\/jats:bold>\n                      All participants were treated within a national health service specialist cleft center.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Participants:<\/jats:bold>\n                      1990 questionnaires were analyzed. All cleft phenotypes, including 10.2% with Robin Sequence (RS) and 8.5% with syndromic diagnoses, were included.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Measures:<\/jats:bold>\n                      Sleep outcome measures from parent report included sufficient sleep in a 24-h period and reports of concern about sleep behavior. Language outcome measures included answers to the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (3rd edition) (ASQ-3).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Parental concern about sleep was low overall (13.0% at 18 months, 7.9% at 3 years), but higher in children with RS and syndromic diagnoses. At 3 years, parents of children with cleft palate were more likely to be concerned about sleep than those with cleft lip only (P\u2009=\u2009.009). Reports of sufficient sleep were high (&gt;88% across all ages), but children with RS showed a decline over time. Significant positive correlations were found between sufficient sleep and language outcomes at all ages (\u03c4\u2009=\u2009.087, P\u2009=\u2009.004 at 18 months; \u03c4\u2009=\u2009.131, P\u2009=\u2009.002 at 3 years; \u03c4\u2009=\u2009.445, P\u2009&lt;\u2009.001 at 5 years). At 5 years, this association remained after controlling for confounders (r\u2009=\u2009.347, P\u2009&lt;\u2009.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sleep behaviors were associated with language development in children with CP\u2009\u00b1\u2009L. These findings highlight the need for longitudinal and interventional studies to better understand the role of sleep on developmental outcomes in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656261423833","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T18:03:58Z","timestamp":1771524238000},"page":"3677-3689","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring Sleep Behavior and Language Outcomes in Children with Cleft Lip and Palate Using Data from a National Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0902-0564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie","family":"van Eeden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Newcastle University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4367-3689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria C. 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