{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T20:01:07Z","timestamp":1791489667115,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771977600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to comprehensively compare smile aesthetics between surgically corrected unilateral cleft lip and palate (CUCLP) patients and non-cleft controls, evaluating multiple facial domains to identify persistent deficits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional, comparative study was conducted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study was performed in a clinical research setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients\/Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The cohort consisted of 30 CUCLP patients who had undergone surgical repair and 30 age- and sex-matched non-cleft controls, all aged between 16 and 30 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The intervention for the patient group was prior surgical correction of CUCLP; no new intervention was administered as part of this observational study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s)<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Standardized frontal photographs were analyzed using MAKHTER software and the Akhter\u2013Anne Smile Diagram. Key parameters measured across facial, nasal, labial, nasolabial, and dento-gingival domains included nasal width, commissure width, philtrum height, lip length, and incisor display.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The facial component showed no significant differences. However, CUCLP patients exhibited significant deficits in other domains: reduced philtrum height (0.58\u2009\u00b1\u20090.21\u2005mm vs. 0.84\u2009\u00b1\u20090.31\u2005mm; p\u2009=\u20090.004), shorter upper lip length (0.42\u2009\u00b1\u20090.14\u2005mm vs. 0.62\u2009\u00b1\u20090.22\u2005mm; p\u2009=\u20090.001), and narrower commissure width (4.23\u2009\u00b1\u20090.52\u2005mm vs. 6.95\u2009\u00b1\u20090.90\u2005mm; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Nasal width was reduced (3.25\u2009\u00b1\u20090.40\u2005mm vs. 4.56\u2009\u00b1\u20090.54\u2005mm; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) with pronounced nasolabial asymmetry. Dento-gingivally, maxillary incisor show was less (1.80\u2009\u00b1\u20090.54\u2005mm vs. 3.45\u2009\u00b1\u20090.63\u2005mm; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) while mandibular incisor display was greater (2.75\u2009\u00b1\u20090.48\u2005mm vs. 1.25\u2009\u00b1\u20090.36\u2005mm; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite surgical repair, CUCLP patients have persistent esthetic impairments, particularly in the nasolabial and dento-gingival regions. A structured, multi-domain smile analysis is crucial for guiding multidisciplinary treatment to optimize final aesthetic and psychosocial outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656261426215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T16:44:53Z","timestamp":1772037893000},"page":"3759-3767","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comprehensive Smile Component Analysis in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Using Akhter\u2013Anne Framework"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Andrade Tanvi","family":"Sera Noel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre For Craniofacial Anomalies, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1130-9359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dilshad","family":"Umar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre For Craniofacial Anomalies, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shafees","family":"Koya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre For Craniofacial Anomalies, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akhter","family":"Husain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre For Craniofacial Anomalies, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(03)00306-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(77)90299-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12250"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18179022"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25215\/0701.115"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/072913-564.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60695-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/02-119.4.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/TurkJOrthod.2019.18094"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjaf051"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_2001_038_0379_qoliaw_2.0.co_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ccd.ccd_435_21"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-05293-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2011.11.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2021.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2022.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/08-281"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","first-page":"91","article-title":"The gingival smile line","volume":"62","author":"Peck S","year":"1992","unstructured":"Peck S, Peck L, Kataja M. 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