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Crown Princess Lovisa\u2019s Association for Child Health Care","award":["2025-103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025-103"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01jgsks30","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008588","name":"Stiftelsen Sunnerdahls Handikappfond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F13\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F13\/21"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008588","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare longitudinal speech outcomes at ages 5 and 10 years in foreign-born and Swedish-born children with cleft palate with or without cleft lip (CP\u2009\u00b1\u2009L), and assess impact of cleft type, additional diagnosed conditions, sex, and age at completed primary palatal surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Longitudinal, registry-based cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Regional public care university hospitals in Sweden.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>723 children (143 foreign-born, 580 Swedish-born) with CP\u2009\u00b1\u2009L.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Primary and secondary palatal surgery, and speech-language therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dichotomized outcomes of velopharyngeal competence (VPC), percentage of consonants correct (PCC), and non-oral speech errors, and received secondary palatal surgery and speech-language therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A significantly lower proportion of foreign-born than Swedish-born 5-year-olds had VPC (75% vs. 85%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.007), age-appropriate consonant production (25% vs. 57%\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001), and no non-oral speech errors (67% vs. 84%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Speech improved longitudinally, yet a significantly lower proportion of foreign-born children had VPC (86% vs. 94%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.002), age-appropriate consonant production (52% vs. 76%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001), and no non-oral errors (82% vs. 93%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001) at 10 years. The difference in VPC at age 5 and in all speech outcomes at age 10 was associated with higher age at primary surgery in foreign-born children. They also had higher rates of secondary palatal surgery (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001) and speech-language therapy (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001) than Swedish-born peers.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Later primary palatal surgery in foreign-born children was associated with poorer speech outcomes at 10 years. Early primary palatal surgery and continued follow-up are essential to optimize speech development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656261434727","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T10:14:11Z","timestamp":1774260851000},"page":"3857-3873","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Longitudinal Speech Outcomes in Foreign-Born and Native-Born Children in Sweden with Cleft Palate, and Influence of Palatal Surgery Timing"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0187-5891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louise","family":"Lendt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lund University"},{"name":"Sk\u00e5ne University 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