{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T09:29:00Z","timestamp":1793784540013,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775433600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Glymphatic dysfunction contributes to CNS pathobiology, including neurodegeneration. We hypothesized that vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT) augments CSF-interstitial solute clearance and could be translated as a surgical therapy analogous to lymphedema surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty Long-Evans rats were randomized to 3 arms: (1) Craniectomy Control (hemi-craniectomy; VLNT sampled in situ, nontransposed), (2) VLNT Control (intact calvarium; VLNT without craniectomy), and (3) Experimental (hemi-craniectomy + VLNT). One week postsurgery, Evans Blue dye (EBD) was injected into the cisterna magna; at 4\u2005h, right\/left cerebrum and cerebellum lysates underwent spectrophotometry at 608\u2005nm. VLNT viability was verified by podoplanin (PDPN) immunohistochemistry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure(s)<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Two-way ANOVA showed significantly reduced EBD in Experimental vs controls: left hemisphere vs Craniectomy Control\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.0011 and vs VLNT Control\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.0200; cerebellum vs both controls\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.0001. The right hemisphere was lower vs Craniectomy Control (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.0255) and not different from VLNT Control (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.3878). VLNT-tissue lysates were higher in Experimental than Craniectomy Control (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.0028) and VLNT Control (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.0289), consistent with active lymphatic uptake. PDPN staining confirmed robust lymphatic endothelial labeling in cross-sectional and longitudinal planes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>VLNT significantly enhances putative glymphatic efflux following decompressive craniectomy, recapitulating the therapeutic principle of lymphatic bypass in lymphedema.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These proof-of-concept data support VLNT as a candidate surgical intervention for glymphatic insufficiency and neurodegenerative (ND)-relevant proteostasis\/clearance failure. Future studies will optimize timing, node vascularization strategies, and longitudinal outcome measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656261438277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T11:26:36Z","timestamp":1775474796000},"page":"4281-4288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Feasibility of Craniofacial Vascular Lymph Node Transfer for Augmented Glymphatic Drainage in Rodents"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3994-6808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian T.","family":"Andrews","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Zanaty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8376-4465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha R.","family":"Pierson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine"},{"name":"Iowa Neuropathology Resource Laboratory, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5376-1589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kimberly L.","family":"Fiock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine"},{"name":"Iowa Neuropathology Resource Laboratory, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3935-8889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew A.","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlan R.","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8460-1249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Terry C.","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa Carver College of 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