{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T20:01:20Z","timestamp":1791489680824,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776211200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The incidence of cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL\u2009\u00b1\u2009P) varies significantly according to genetic ancestry. The alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) family comprises several enzymes with polymorphisms that are also highly disparate between genetic backgrounds. A small number of heterogeneous studies have linked\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ADH<\/jats:italic>\n                      variants with risk of CL\u2009\u00b1\u2009P. Therefore, the authors conducted a scoping review to better understand these potential associations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, screening for studies published in PubMed and Medline databases. Case-control, cohort, case-series, and cross-sectional studies published in English between 1966 and 2024 that reported associations between ADH polymorphisms and CL\u2009\u00b1\u2009P were included.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Five studies met inclusion criteria, accounting for 1630 cases of CL\u2009\u00b1\u2009P. Despite significant variation in study design and results, four studies linked polymorphisms in the maternal and\/or fetal genotype\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ADH1C<\/jats:italic>\n                      to CL\u2009\u00b1\u2009P risk. Two also examined whether\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ADH1C<\/jats:italic>\n                      genotype modifies the risk that prenatal alcohol exposure imparts for fetal CL\u2009\u00b1\u2009P; one found that high-activity\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ADH1C<\/jats:italic>\n                      polymorphisms in mother and child together reduced this alcohol-attributable CL\u2009\u00b1\u2009P risk, while the other found no effect of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ADH1C<\/jats:italic>\n                      genotype on this risk. The fifth study reported a novel duplication in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ADH7<\/jats:italic>\n                      in a family with CL\u2009\u00b1\u2009P cases.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Current evidence, though limited, suggests that certain maternal and fetal ADH polymorphisms may influence risk of fetal CL\u2009\u00b1\u2009P. Existing data have been primarily limited to demographically homogenous cohorts, and ancestry was not analyzed in concert with ADH polymorphisms. The interaction of ancestry, ADH mutations, and CL\u2009\u00b1\u2009P remains an important, open question.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656261438751","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T08:14:51Z","timestamp":1776240891000},"page":"3977-3986","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Associations Between Alcohol Dehydrogenase Mutations and Cleft Lip\/Palate: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2294-2878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theodore S.","family":"Hyman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's National Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9821-1241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esperanza","family":"Mantilla-Rivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's National Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0552-4626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liara Ortiz","family":"Ocasio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's National Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6229-1698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Athena","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's National Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4422-9635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Finestone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's National Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Perry","family":"Bradford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's National Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3837-2593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Manrique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's National Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary F.","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's National Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Shur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's National Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3555-9184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert K.","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's National Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children11030322"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","unstructured":"Prevalence of Cleft Lip & Cleft Palate | National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. 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