{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T06:16:52Z","timestamp":1783664212029,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100003690","name":"Cleft Palate Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100003690","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare parent-proxy and child self-reported quality of life (QoL) for children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) by adoptive status from China.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Observational multi-site study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Six North American cleft treatment clinics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children with CLP ages 8.0-10.99 years and their parents (adopted from China, N\u2009=\u200987; not adopted, N\u2009=\u2009167).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pediatric QoL Inventories (PedsQL): Parent, Child, Family Impact Module (FIM); CLEFT-Q.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Multivariate analyses of covariance, adjusted for age, race, and socioeconomic status main effects (adoptive status, sex, and interactions of adoptive status with sex) and results were not significant by adoptive status, sex, or the interactions of adoptive status with sex for CLEFT-Q, Parent PedsQL FIM outcomes, or Parent\/Child PedsQL subscale outcomes (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ps<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u2009.159). Parent-proxy PedsQL School was higher for females regardless of adoptive status (MD\u2009=\u2009-4.82, CI\u2009=\u2009-9.53, -.11,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.045). Child PedsQL Social QoL was higher for children adopted from China (MD\u2009=\u20098.91, CI\u2009=\u20091.18, 16.64,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.024), where females who were adopted reported higher PedsQL social scores than females who were not adopted (MD\u2009=\u200911.83, CI\u2009=\u20093.09, 20.57,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.008). Females who were adopted reported higher Cleft-Q Social scores than males who were adopted (MD\u2009=\u2009-6.95, CI\u2009=\u2009-18.54, -.54,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.038).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Child and Family QoL was comparable between children with CLP, aged 8-10 years, who were and were not adopted. Being adopted may confer some protection for social functioning, particularly for females who are adopted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656261462270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T13:53:25Z","timestamp":1782827605000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Quality of Life for Children with Cleft Lip and Palate and Their Families: The Effect of Adoption from China"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7938-143X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathleen A.","family":"Kapp-Simon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shriners Children's Chicago"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meredith","family":"Albert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shriners Children's Chicago"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0040-6396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Canice E.","family":"Crerand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia Crilly","family":"Bellucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shriners Children's Chicago"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0204-9583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Celia E.","family":"Heppner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Health Dallas and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Woodard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lancaster Cleft Palate Clinic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5360-7517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy L.","family":"Conrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000000391"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"41","volume-title":"Quality of life assessment: international perspectives","author":"World Health Organization Quality of Life Group","year":"1994","unstructured":"World Health Organization Quality of Life Group. 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