{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T12:26:12Z","timestamp":1783599972638,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We developed a hybrid technique, termed passive nasoalveolar molding (PNAM). The primary objective of this study is to compare the efficacy of PNAM to the established Grayson technique for nasoalveolar molding (NAM) in reducing the alveolar cleft in patients with clefts involving the lip and primary palate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a single-institution retrospective study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One senior orthodontist performed traditional NAM, and another senior orthodontist performed PNAM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients, Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All patients with cleft of the lip and primary palate who underwent these procedures between April 2019 and April 2022;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200911 for NAM and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200916 for PNAM.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      For each patient, 3D digital models were analyzed at 2 time points: prior to treatment initiation and following primary palatal closure. Changes in interalveolar width, maxillary width, and canine position were compared using 2-tailed independent\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -tests.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There were no statistically significant differences between the PNAM and NAM groups. The mean reduction in interalveolar segment distance was 10.19\u2005mm for the PNAM group and 8.32\u2005mm for the NAM group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.258). Similarly, the mean change in canine distance was 2.89\u2005mm and 1.74\u2005mm, respectively (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.410), and the mean change in maxillary width was 1.36\u2005mm and 0.79\u2005mm, respectively (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.399).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PNAM achieves comparable alveolar treatment outcomes to traditional NAM while offering advantages in reduced cost and fewer required appointments. By reducing financial and logistical burdens, PNAM may improve access to care in the management of cleft lip and palate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656261466058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T12:05:07Z","timestamp":1783339507000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Comparison of a Novel Passive Nasoalveolar Molding Technique Versus Traditional Active Molding for Alveolar Cleft Reduction"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3897-6335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Umer A.","family":"Qureshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taylor","family":"Hallman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parul","family":"Rai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5383-9809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikhil Dipak","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ron","family":"Jacobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7342-0917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arun K.","family":"Gosain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Smile Train. What are clefts? https:\/\/www.smiletrain.org\/what-are-clefts. Accessed 3\/29\/2026."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago. Cleft Lip & Cleft Palate. https:\/\/www.luriechildrens.org\/en\/specialties-conditions\/cleft-lip-cleft-palate\/. Accessed 3\/29\/2026."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198901000-00006"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"358","article-title":"Nonsurgical correction of cleft lip nasal deformity in the early neonate","volume":"17","author":"Matsuo K","year":"1988","unstructured":"Matsuo K, Hirose T. Nonsurgical correction of cleft lip nasal deformity in the early neonate. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 1988;17(3):358\u2013365.","journal-title":"Ann Acad Med Singapore"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1226(91)90168-J"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"1422","article-title":"Preoperative columella lengthening in bilateral cleft lip and palate","volume":"92","author":"Grayson BH","year":"1993","unstructured":"Grayson BH, Cutting C, Wood R. Preoperative columella lengthening in bilateral cleft lip and palate. 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