{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T14:26:28Z","timestamp":1787927188506,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787529600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the association between parental consanguinity and cleft phenotype, family history, syndromic status, regional distribution, and sex-specific presentation among Saudi patients affected by cleft lip and\/or palate (CL\/P).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective cross-sectional observational study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two tertiary referral centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients, Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Included were 2137 patients diagnosed with cleft lip, cleft palate, or CL\/P between 2014 and 2024. Patients with incomplete key variables or craniofacial anomalies unrelated to CL\/P were excluded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>None.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cleft phenotype, parental consanguinity, family history of CL\/P, syndromic status, regional distribution, and sex-specific cleft presentation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 2137 patients, 1291 (60.4%) were born to consanguineous parents. Cleft distribution did not differ significantly by consanguinity status. Consanguineous families had higher positive family history rates than nonconsanguineous families (40.7% vs 35.1%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.032), mainly due to affected extended relatives (30.1% vs 24.3%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.002). Bilateral CL\/P was most frequent among consanguineous females (49.4%), while unilateral CL\/P predominated among nonconsanguineous males (46.5%). Consanguineous cases were more frequent in Northern and Southern regions. Syndromic status was similar between groups (9.3% vs 10.4%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.399).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among Saudi patients affected by CL\/P, parental consanguinity was common and associated with a higher positive family history, especially among extended relatives. Bilateral CL\/P was more frequent among consanguineous families, particularly females, while unilateral CL\/P predominated among nonconsanguineous males. Syndromic status and cleft type by degree of consanguinity showed no significant association.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656261477537","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T15:09:45Z","timestamp":1787584185000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring the Link: A Study on Consanguinity and Orofacial Clefts"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9159-7820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omar","family":"Suhaym","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Dental Services Department, Ministry of the National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2226-5749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meshari","family":"Alanazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6923-279X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulaziz","family":"Alqarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8713-9616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nasser","family":"Alshahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University College of Dentistry, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1940-7359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad","family":"Assari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry\u2014Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Section, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","article-title":"Global birth prevalence of orofacial clefts: A systematic review","volume":"98","author":"Panamonta V","year":"2015","unstructured":"Panamonta V, Pradubwong S, Panamonta M, Chowchuen B. 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