{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T19:05:27Z","timestamp":1789326327433,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare effectiveness, safety, and clinical outcomes between age-defined endoscopic and open craniosynostosis repair cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We queried the NSQIP database for patients with craniosynostosis (ICD-10 Q75.0) who underwent craniectomy. Since Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes do not distinguish operative approach, age was used as a surrogate: patients aged \u22644 months were classified as endoscopic and those aged 6-12 months as open; patients aged &gt;4 to &lt;6 months were excluded. Outcomes included operative time, hospital length of stay (LOS), transfusion, and postoperative complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 1945 patients aged 4 months or younger were classified in the endoscopic cohort, while 2033 patients aged 6 to 12 months were classified in the open cohort. Neurosurgeons performed the procedure most often, with 2663 cases (66.9%). 98.9% were elective, and inpatient cases were the most common, accounting for 94.8%. The median total LOS in days was 1.0 for endoscopic and 3.0 for open procedures, which were statistically significantly different (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Surgical site infection was not significantly different in our study (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.11). The need for transfusion was significantly different, favoring the endoscopic cohort (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this age-defined comparison, the endoscopic cohort had shorter operative time and hospital stay and a lower transfusion requirement than the open cohort. Because operative approach was inferred from age rather than directly identified by CPT code, these findings should be interpreted as associations between age-defined cohorts rather than definitive procedure-specific effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656261486182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T13:51:25Z","timestamp":1789134685000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Open Versus Endoscopic Craniosynostosis Repair by Age Category: A Propensity Score-Matched Registry Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9256-9233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinpyo","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Penn State College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia C.","family":"Greene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi","family":"Gizaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Penn State College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Millar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Penn State College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle John","family":"Schantz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Penn State College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elias","family":"Rizk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dell Medical School and Dell Children's Medical Center, The University of Texas at Austin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Betances EM","year":"2024","unstructured":"Betances EM, Mendez MD, Karsonovich T, Das JM. 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