{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:46:04Z","timestamp":1791895564396,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791590400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the demographic distribution, anatomical patterns and associated complications of orofacial clefts (OFCs) at a major tertiary referral centre in Ghana.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cross-sectional review of patient records.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Cleft Centre of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, a tertiary Institution in West Africa.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients\/participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Records of all patients managed for OFCs between January 2017 and December 2019. After exclusions for incomplete data, 189 patients were included.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Not applicable (observational study).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measure(s)<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Primary outcomes were frequencies and percentages of cleft types (cleft lip with or without cleft alveolus [CL\u2009\u00b1\u2009A], cleft lip and palate [CLP], cleft palate only [CPO]), laterality, completeness and associated complications\/anomalies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 189 patients, 101 (53.4%) were male and 88 (46.6%) were female. The median age at presentation was 4 months. CL\u2009\u00b1\u2009A was most common (38.6%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200973), followed by CLP (34.9%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200966) and CPO (26.5%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200950). Unilateral clefts (79.5%) and left-sided defects (60.3%) predominated. Feeding difficulties were the most frequent complication (59.1% of 93 patients with complications). Associated anomalies were present in 36 patients (19.0%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>OFCs present a significant burden at this tertiary centre. Determining patterns of cleft phenotypes informs surgical timing and type, highlighting the need for policies to allocate resources for multidisciplinary care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656261496582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T12:19:10Z","timestamp":1791634750000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Patterns of Orofacial Cleft Phenotypes and Their Associated Sequelae: A 3-Year Retrospective Study at a Tertiary Referral Hospital in West Africa"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0599-6873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edmond Kubi","family":"Appiah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia"},{"name":"Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Nimako-Boateng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, University of Ghana Dental School"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60695-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000337464"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Oral and maxillofacial surgery","author":"Chigurupati R","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chigurupati R, Heggie A, Bonanthaya K. 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