{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T05:48:36Z","timestamp":1791870516847,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Plastic Surgery Foundation - California Society of Plastic Surgeons Combined Pilot Research Grant","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00dky2106","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation Biologics Junior Investigator Award","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/011398447","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare microtia-derived chondrocytes (MCs) with costal cartilage-derived chondrocytes (CCs) and determine whether costal cartilage harvest location influences chondrocyte proliferative and chondrogenic potential for auricular cartilage tissue engineering.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Experimental laboratory study using native tissue analysis and in vitro cell culture.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Single-center laboratory study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Native auricular and costal cartilage samples were collected from four paired pediatric patients undergoing autologous microtia reconstruction.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Interventions: MCs and costal chondrocytes isolated from proximal\/osteochondral (PCs), distal\/sternal (DCs), and medial costal (CCs) regions, were expanded in normal cell culture and 3D pellet culture.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Type II collagen, glycosaminoglycans, total collagen, proteoglycans, and Ki67 were evaluated via immunohistochemistry (IHC). Cell proliferation was measured using cell counting kit-8 (CCK8), and gene expression of chondrogenic, osteogenic, and proliferative markers was analyzed in monolayer and 3D pellet cultures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Native microtia and costal cartilage demonstrated similar type II collagen and proteoglycan content across regions. Native microtia tissue showed greater Ki67 staining than medial and proximal costal cartilage (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05 and p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01, respectively), whereas glycosaminoglycan staining was greater in costal cartilage (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). In normal cell culture, all cell types demonstrated similar proliferative activity. In 3D pellet culture, PCs had higher Ki67 staining than DCs and MCs (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). In CC pellet cultures, Ki67 and COL2A1 expression was increased.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Costal CCs demonstrated distinct chondrogenic characteristics based on harvest site. These findings support a more targeted utilization of costal CCs for auricular cartilage tissue engineering.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656261496626","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T05:40:02Z","timestamp":1791870002000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of Human Costal-Derived Chondrocyte Donor Sites and Microtia-Derived Chondrocytes for Auricular Tissue Engineering"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"Ashton","family":"Rosenbloom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California"},{"name":"New York Presbyterian\u2014Brooklyn Methodist Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Gasbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California"},{"name":"California Northstate University College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lana","family":"Mamoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2142-6223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arya","family":"Sherafat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California"},{"name":"University of California, Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikhil","family":"Prabhakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California"},{"name":"Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Toledano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Ziegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California"},{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Widgerow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California"},{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miles J.","family":"Pfaff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California"},{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, USA"},{"name":"Rady's 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