{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:46:15Z","timestamp":1791895575549,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791590400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004713","name":"Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["USM\/1001\/PPSG\/812158."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["USM\/1001\/PPSG\/812158."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004713","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on facial soft-tissue dimensions in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) using 3-dimensional stereophotogrammetry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective case series longitudinal study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Orthodontic Department, School of Dental Sciences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-four children with UCLP aged 8 to 10 years presenting with maxillary transverse constriction and requiring RME therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Intervention<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RME followed by a 6-month retention phase.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Changes in facial soft-tissue dimensions after RME using 3-dimensional digital stereophotogrammetry (3dMDface\u2122).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      At the level of the eyes, changes in the soft-tissue canthal parameters were not statistically significant (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; .05). At the nasal level, the alar base width and alar base root width increased by 3.22 mm (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.033) and 3.03 mm (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.028), respectively. No significant differences were observed in the magnitude of change between the cleft and noncleft sides (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; .05). Intercanine and intermolar widths increased by 5.01 mm and 5.17 mm, respectively (both\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001). No significant correlations were observed between the magnitude of intercanine or intermolar expansion and changes in alar base width or alar base root width (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; .05). The remaining soft-tissue variables showed no significant changes (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; .05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Treatment with RME was associated with significant changes in the nasolabial soft tissues in children with UCLP while having minimal effects on other facial soft-tissue structures. Therapeutic long-term effects remain uncertain, and their potential impact on facial aesthetics should be considered before initiating treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656261497167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T12:03:21Z","timestamp":1791633801000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Rapid Maxillary Expansion on Facial Soft Tissues in Children With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Using 3-Dimensional Stereophotogrammetry"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4518-4272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maen","family":"Zreaqat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universiti Sains 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