{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T11:20:55Z","timestamp":1780572055210,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,1]],"date-time":"2003-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1062374400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Adaptive Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A general problem in understanding the mechanisms underlying animal behavior is the integration or interaction of different sensorimotor systems. Webb and Harrison (2000a, b) investigated the addition of an optomotor reflex to a sound-localizing robot modeled on cricket behavior. B\u00f6hm, Schildberger, and Huber (1991) proposed a simple additive mechanism to explain how the cricket combines the two behaviors. Problems implementing this on the robot led us to propose an alternative inhibition mechanism, which proved effective. Here we directly compare these two possibilities and several further alternatives. First, in a simulation of the open-loop paradigm used by B\u00f6hm et al. we demonstrate that there are at least five algorithms (including \u201cefferent copy\u201d) that may adequately account for the data they present. We then consider possible neural implementations of several of these schemes, and test them in robot experiments. The results suggest that inhibition is both neurally plausible and effective as a means of combining these behaviors in real sensorimotor situations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1059712303113001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,21]],"date-time":"2004-04-21T20:12:39Z","timestamp":1082578359000},"page":"137-158","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Reafferent or Redundant: Integration of Phonotaxis and Optomotor Behavior in                Crickets and Robots"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Barbara","family":"Webb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, University of                        Stirling,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Reeve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, University of Stirling"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/027836498900800406"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B\u00f6hm, H., Schildberger, K. & Huber, F. (1991). Visual and acoustic course control in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus . Journal of Experimental Biology, 159, 235-248 .","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.159.1.235"},{"key":"atypb3","unstructured":"Chapman, T. (2001).\n                      Morphological and neural modelling of the orthopteran escape response\n                      . Ph.D. thesis, University of Stirling, Stirling, U.K."},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00606306"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00610219"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00613835"},{"key":"atypb7","unstructured":"Harrison, R. R. & Koch, C. (1998). An analog VLSI model of the fly elementary motion detector. In M. I. Jordan, M. J. K. & Solla, S. A. (Eds.) Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (vol. 10, pp. 880-886). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press ."},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008916202887"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hassenstein, B. & Reichardt, W. (1956). Systemtheoretische Analyse der Zeit- Reihenfolgen- und Vorzeichenauswertung bei der Bewungsperzeption des R\u00fcsselk\u00e4fers . Chlorophanus. Z. Naturforschung, 11(b), 513-524 .","DOI":"10.1515\/znb-1956-9-1004"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00604013"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00199247"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00203233"},{"key":"atypb13","unstructured":"Koch, C. (1999). Biophysics of computation. Oxford: Oxford University Press ."},{"key":"atypb14","unstructured":"Lund, H. H., Webb, B. & Hallam, J. (1997). A robot attracted to the cricket species Gryllus bimaculatus . In P. Husbands and I. Harvey (Eds.) Proceedings of 4th European Conference on Artificial Life (pp. 246-255 ). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press\/Bradford Books."},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/106454698568468"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McFarland, D. & Bosser, T. (1993). Intelligent behaviour in animals and robots. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press .","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/3830.001.0001"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00215111"},{"key":"atypb18","unstructured":"Reeve, R. & Webb, B. (in press). New neural circuits for robot phonotaxis. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A."},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00195960"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00612635"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003590050266"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00667788"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00622503"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1986.0019"},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/anbe.2000.1514"},{"key":"atypb26","unstructured":"Webb, B. & Harrison, R. (2000a). Eyes and ears: combining sensory motor systems modelled on insect physiology . In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation."},{"key":"atypb27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Webb, B. & Harrison, R. R. (2000b). Integrating sensorimotor systems in a robot model of cricket behavior. 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