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However, adaptivity also requires the emergence of a regulatory subsystem, which implies a certain form of dynamic decoupling within a globally integrated, autonomous system. Thus, we analyze several forms of minimal adaptivity, including the special case of motility. We go on to explain how an open-ended complexity growth of motility-based adaptive agency, namely, behavior, requires the appearance of the nervous system. Finally, we discuss some implications of these ideas for embodied robotics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1059712308093868","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,2]],"date-time":"2008-10-02T07:23:29Z","timestamp":1222932209000},"page":"325-344","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Adaptivity: From Metabolism to Behavior"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xabier","family":"Barandiaran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Logic and Philosophy of Science, University of the Basque Country, Spain,"}]},{"given":"Alvaro","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Logic and Philosophy of Science, University of the Basque Country, Spain,"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"Design for a brain. 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