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This article gives a brief overview of the use of computer models in the study of the evolution of the vocal tract. We also present a critical case study of one model that has been used to study the vocal abilities of Neanderthals. We argue that this study contains subtle but fatal flaws which invalidate the conclusions drawn from the model, illustrating the dangers of applying computer models outside the area for which they have been developed. Future models need to make use of a broader database of anatomical and physiological data from other animals, especially nonhuman primates, to understand the path leading to modern Homo sapiens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1059712309350972","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,4]],"date-time":"2010-03-04T12:13:13Z","timestamp":1267704793000},"page":"36-47","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Computer Models of Vocal Tract Evolution: An Overview and Critique"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Bart","family":"de Boer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Tecumseh Fitch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of St. Andrews, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05047"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1324678"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/338758a0"},{"key":"atypb4","volume-title":"14th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences","author":"Bo\u00eb, L.-J."},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jpho.2002.0170"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/eoc.3.1.05boe"},{"key":"atypb7","volume-title":"Functional phonology","author":"Boersma, P.","year":"1998"},{"key":"atypb8","first-page":"61","volume":"163","author":"Bosma, J.","year":"1965","journal-title":"Suppl."},{"key":"atypb9","first-page":"606","volume":"23","author":"Bowles, R.L.","year":"1889","journal-title":"Journal of Anatomy and Physiology, London"},{"key":"atypb10","first-page":"75","volume":"23","author":"Buhr, R.D.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Journal of Speech and Hearing Research"},{"key":"atypb11","first-page":"471","volume":"320","author":"Carr\u00e9, R.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Comptes Rendus de l\u2019Acad\u00e9mie des Sciences"},{"key":"atypb12","volume-title":"The vowel: Its nature and structure","author":"Chiba, T.","year":"1942"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2143456"},{"key":"atypb14","unstructured":"Crothers, J. 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