{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T04:06:49Z","timestamp":1777522009242,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,27]],"date-time":"2011-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1311724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Adaptive Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Body morphology appears to strongly determine the behavior of infant rats in an arena (May et al., 2006). In this article, we systematically examined the influence of body-flexibility on the group behavior of infant rats (Rattus norvegicus) by comparing one-, two-, and three-segmented simulated rats with 7- and 10-day-old rats in an arena. Simulated rats provided very different fits to 7-day-old rat pups compared with 10-day-old pups. With respect to 7-day-old pups, three-segmented rats were similar on 83% of our metrics, two-segmented rats were similar on 33% of our metrics, and one-segmented rats were similar on 66% of our metrics. Both one- and three-segmented simulated agents matched 7-day-old rats better than two-segment agents, but it is still premature to conclude which of the three simulated agents best matched the 7-day-old rats. However, no group of simulated rats was similar to 10-day-old pups on any metric. Our results suggest that morphology strongly determines behavior in groups of 7-day-old rats, but that other mechanisms, from more active intersegment control to more influential top-down control, are required to explain the group behavior of 10-day-old rats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1059712311413476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,27]],"date-time":"2011-07-27T21:11:56Z","timestamp":1311801116000},"page":"280-291","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Modeling the influence of morphology on the movement ecology of groups of infant rats (\n                    <i>Rattus norvegicus<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Christopher James","family":"May","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Sciences Department, Carroll University, WI, USA,"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey Charles","family":"Schank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Department, University of California-Davis, CA, USA"}]},{"given":"Sanjay","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California-Davis, CA, USA"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0077458"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0077459"},{"key":"atypb3","unstructured":"Alberts, J.R. ( 1984). Sensory perceptual development in the Norway rat: A view toward comparative studies. In R. Kail & N. Spear (Eds.), Comparative perspectives on memory development (pp. 65-101). New York: Plenum."},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.20190"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7036.118.2.123"},{"key":"atypb6","volume-title":"A study of behavior","author":"Barnett, S.A.","year":"1963"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/06-1769.1"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcm.2006.07.024"},{"key":"atypb9","volume-title":"Vehicles: Experiments in synthetic psychology","author":"Braitenberg, V.","year":"1984"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/1716.001.0001"},{"key":"atypb11","volume-title":"Being there: Putting brain, body, and world together again","author":"Clark, A.","year":"1997"},{"key":"atypb12","volume-title":"Natural-born cyborgs: Minds, technologies, and the future of human intelligence","author":"Clark, A.","year":"2003"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2008.10.002"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-3454(03)01001-5"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.420210707"},{"key":"atypb16","first-page":"588","volume":"376","author":"Fallis, G.T.","year":"1888","journal-title":"US Patents"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.313.5788.779"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2004.01.031"},{"key":"atypb19","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on the Mathematics and Algorithms of Social Insects","author":"Joshi, S.S."},{"key":"atypb20","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Robotics and Automation","author":"Joshi, S."},{"key":"atypb21","volume-title":"Proceedings of Artificial Life VIII, the 8th International Conference on the Simulation and Synthesis of Living Systems","author":"Klein, J."},{"key":"atypb22","volume-title":"Modeling the behavior of infant Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus)","author":"May, C.J.","year":"2007"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10407410903320975"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cplx.20149"},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/027836499000900206"},{"key":"atypb26","volume-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA","author":"Nathan, R."},{"key":"atypb27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cplx.1026"},{"key":"atypb28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2008.07.024"},{"key":"atypb29","author":"Schank, J.C.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behavioural Brain Research"},{"key":"atypb30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jtbi.1997.0488"},{"issue":"267","key":"atypb31","first-page":"23072315","author":"Schank, J.C.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Royal Society London"},{"key":"atypb32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/105971230401200303"},{"key":"atypb33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2005.1733"},{"key":"atypb34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.50.2.79"},{"key":"atypb35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X01000127"}],"container-title":["Adaptive Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1059712311413476","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1059712311413476","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:16:01Z","timestamp":1777392961000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1059712311413476"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,27]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1059712311413476"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1059712311413476","relation":{},"ISSN":["1059-7123","1741-2633"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1059-7123","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-2633","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,27]]}}}