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The first part introduces the key issues from a robotics perspective. In particular, we promote a constructivist approach in which synthesis provides complementary insights to analytical methods. The second part presents the findings of a detailed review of infant development, from conception to 12 months. This produced explicit timelines that display the relative ordering of emergent competencies and concomitant stages in behavior. The final part shows how this infant framework can be mapped into the robotic domain in order to construct and explore developmental algorithms for robots. This work explores the use of constraints on perception, cognition, and action in shaping emergent activity, and how constraints relate to staged behavior and competence learning. We draw on examples from our previous experiments and show how we are applying this developmental approach to an iCub humanoid robot.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1059712311419380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,26]],"date-time":"2011-10-26T06:17:26Z","timestamp":1319609846000},"page":"335-358","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["The infant development timeline and its application to robot shaping"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"James","family":"Law","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Aberystwyth University, UK"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Aberystwyth University, UK,"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"H\u00fclse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Aberystwyth University, UK"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Tomassetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Neuroscienze dello Sviluppo, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Italy"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(94)90127-9"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10407413.1998.9652687"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1131332"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/mcj.6.1.52"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAMD.2009.2021702"},{"key":"atypb6","first-page":"61","volume":"3","author":"Atkinson, J.","year":"1984","journal-title":"A review and a hypothesis. 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