{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T04:07:30Z","timestamp":1777522050596,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,22]],"date-time":"2011-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1321920000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Adaptive Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>To facilitate further research in emergent turn-taking, we propose a metric for evaluating the extent to which agents take turns using a shared resource. Our measure reports a turn-taking value for a particular time and a particular timescale, or \u201cresolution,\u201d in a way that matches intuition. We describe how to evaluate the results of simulations where turn-taking may or may not be present and analyze the apparent turn-taking that could be observed between random independent agents. We illustrate the use of our turn-taking metric by reinterpreting previous work on turn-taking in emergent communication and by analyzing a recorded human conversation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1059712311421831","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,22]],"date-time":"2011-11-22T21:58:56Z","timestamp":1321999136000},"page":"104-116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A simple metric for turn-taking in emergent communication"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Peter A","family":"Raffensperger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Russell Y","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Apple Computer Inc., Cupertino, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip J","family":"Bones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allan I","family":"McInnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1059712311421831","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10458-009-9103-z"},{"key":"bibr2-1059712311421831","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1059712307087282"},{"key":"bibr3-1059712311421831","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(00)01538-2"},{"key":"bibr4-1059712311421831","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139174909.005"},{"key":"bibr5-1059712311421831","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.2467"},{"key":"bibr6-1059712311421831","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400835591"},{"key":"bibr7-1059712311421831","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-0663-0"},{"key":"bibr8-1059712311421831","first-page":"132","volume-title":"Dialog with Robots: Papers from the AAAI Fall Symposium","author":"Chao C.","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr9-1059712311421831","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2005.03.015"},{"key":"bibr10-1059712311421831","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09541440500162073"},{"key":"bibr11-1059712311421831","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/105971230000800103"},{"key":"bibr12-1059712311421831","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.5.1.5"},{"key":"bibr13-1059712311421831","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2007.01.058"},{"key":"bibr14-1059712311421831","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011495811107"},{"key":"bibr15-1059712311421831","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10458-006-0008-9"},{"key":"bibr16-1059712311421831","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1059-712302-010001-03"},{"key":"bibr17-1059712311421831","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/1064546041766442"},{"key":"bibr18-1059712311421831","volume-title":"A quantitative measure of fairness and discrimination for resource allocation in shared computer systems","author":"Jain R.","year":"1984"},{"key":"bibr19-1059712311421831","volume-title":"An axiomatic theory of fairness","author":"Lan T.","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr20-1059712311421831","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2009.933370"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr21-1059712311421831","first-page":"28","author":"Leshem A.","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Processing Magazine"},{"key":"bibr22-1059712311421831","volume-title":"Public finance in theory and practice","author":"Musgrave R. A.","year":"1984","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr23-1059712311421831","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jtbi.2001.2337"},{"key":"bibr24-1059712311421831","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/846241.846270"},{"key":"bibr25-1059712311421831","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540090500177554"},{"key":"bibr26-1059712311421831","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44811-X_38"},{"key":"bibr27-1059712311421831","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08927014.1989.9525516"},{"key":"bibr28-1059712311421831","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1622064.1622066"},{"key":"bibr29-1059712311421831","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/lan.1974.0010"},{"key":"bibr30-1059712311421831","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540090210164306"},{"key":"bibr31-1059712311421831","volume-title":"Statistical Methods","author":"Snedecor G. W.","year":"1989","edition":"8"},{"key":"bibr32-1059712311421831","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/97.736233"},{"key":"bibr33-1059712311421831","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0903616106"},{"key":"bibr34-1059712311421831","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2009.4960543"},{"key":"bibr35-1059712311421831","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csl.2010.12.003"},{"key":"bibr36-1059712311421831","unstructured":"Tanenbaum A.S. (2002). Computer Networks, 4th edition. New Jersey: Prentice Hall."},{"key":"bibr37-1059712311421831","first-page":"1057","volume-title":"Ninth International Conference on Spoken Language Processing","author":"Turunen M.","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr38-1059712311421831","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10597123030111003"},{"key":"bibr39-1059712311421831","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03206432"},{"key":"bibr40-1059712311421831","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2009.933185"}],"container-title":["Adaptive Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1059712311421831","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1059712311421831","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1059712311421831","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:16:11Z","timestamp":1777392971000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1059712311421831"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,22]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1059712311421831"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1059712311421831","relation":{},"ISSN":["1059-7123","1741-2633"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1059-7123","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-2633","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,22]]}}}