{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T04:17:54Z","timestamp":1777522674762,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,15]],"date-time":"2013-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1373846400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Adaptive Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent experimental evidence indicates that animals can use mental simulation to make decisions about the actions to take during goal-directed navigation. The principal brain areas found to be active during this process are the hippocampus, the ventral striatum and the sensory-motor cortex. In this paper, we present a computational model that includes biological aspects of this circuit and explains mechanistically how it may be used to imagine and evaluate future events. Its most salient characteristic is that choices about actions are made by simulating movements and their sensory effects using the same brain areas that are active during overt execution. More precisely, the simulation of an action (e.g., walking) creates a new sensory pattern that is evaluated in the same way as real inputs. The model is validated in a navigation task in which a simulated rat is placed in a complex maze. We show that hippocampal and striatal cells are activated to simulate paths, to retrieve their estimated value and to make decisions. We link these results with a general framework that sees the brain as a predictive device that can \u2018detach\u2019 itself from the here-and-now of current perception using mechanisms such as episodic memories, motor and visual imagery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1059712313488789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,16]],"date-time":"2013-07-16T00:48:50Z","timestamp":1373935730000},"page":"251-262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Mental imagery in the navigation domain: a computational model of sensory-motor simulation mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Fabian","family":"Chersi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, CNR, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Donnarumma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, CNR, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Pezzulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, CNR, Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Computation Linguistics, CNR, Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1059712313488789","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.05.040"},{"key":"bibr2-1059712313488789","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2008.0310"},{"key":"bibr3-1059712313488789","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2006.11.004"},{"key":"bibr4-1059712313488789","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1059712310376842"},{"key":"bibr5-1059712313488789","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10339-012-0475-7"},{"key":"bibr6-1059712313488789","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2003.09.023"},{"key":"bibr7-1059712313488789","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1560"},{"key":"bibr8-1059712313488789","volume-title":"Theoretical Neuroscience. Computational and Mathematical Modelling of Neural Systems","author":"Dayan P.","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr9-1059712313488789","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09633"},{"key":"bibr10-1059712313488789","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2012.08015.x"},{"issue":"6","key":"bibr11-1059712313488789","first-page":"400","volume":"32","author":"Floresco S. B.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience"},{"key":"bibr12-1059712313488789","author":"Gershman S. J.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology. General"},{"key":"bibr13-1059712313488789","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X04000093"},{"key":"bibr14-1059712313488789","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.01.034"},{"key":"bibr15-1059712313488789","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4549-07.2007"},{"key":"bibr16-1059712313488789","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2009.07.005"},{"key":"bibr17-1059712313488789","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2010.11.002"},{"key":"bibr18-1059712313488789","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198569657.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr19-1059712313488789","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3761-07.2007"},{"key":"bibr20-1059712313488789","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-56927-2"},{"key":"bibr21-1059712313488789","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35090055"},{"key":"bibr22-1059712313488789","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kurth-Nelson Z., Redish A. D. (2012). Modeling decision-making systems in addiction. In Gutkin B., Ahmed S. H. (Eds.), Computational Neuroscience of Drug Addiction (pp. 163\u2013187). New York: Springer. Retrieved from http:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-4614-0751-5_6.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-0751-5_6"},{"key":"bibr23-1059712313488789","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00203631"},{"key":"bibr24-1059712313488789","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1114037"},{"key":"bibr25-1059712313488789","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2008.0316"},{"key":"bibr26-1059712313488789","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002045"},{"key":"bibr27-1059712313488789","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2008.0314"},{"key":"bibr28-1059712313488789","volume-title":"Brain and Space","author":"Muller R. U.","year":"1991"},{"key":"bibr29-1059712313488789","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(71)90358-1"},{"key":"bibr30-1059712313488789","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.20115"},{"key":"bibr31-1059712313488789","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.106.3.439"},{"key":"bibr32-1059712313488789","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415-012-0097-7"},{"key":"bibr33-1059712313488789","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1159775"},{"key":"bibr34-1059712313488789","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2011.08.001"},{"key":"bibr35-1059712313488789","volume-title":"The challenge of anticipation \u2013 A unifying framework for the analysis and design of artificial","author":"Pezzulo G.","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr36-1059712313488789","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10339-007-0164-0"},{"key":"bibr37-1059712313488789","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2011.00079"},{"key":"bibr38-1059712313488789","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00092"},{"key":"bibr39-1059712313488789","first-page":"81","volume-title":"Cognitive search: Evolution, algorithms, and the brain","author":"Redish A. D.","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr40-1059712313488789","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.11.024"},{"key":"bibr41-1059712313488789","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.11.001"},{"key":"bibr42-1059712313488789","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0026435"},{"key":"bibr43-1059712313488789","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2008.0301"},{"key":"bibr44-1059712313488789","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-141-3.50030-4"},{"key":"bibr45-1059712313488789","volume-title":"Reinforcement learning: An introduction","author":"Sutton R. S.","year":"1998"},{"key":"bibr46-1059712313488789","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0061626"},{"key":"bibr47-1059712313488789","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.2006.18.5.1132"},{"key":"bibr48-1059712313488789","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/neuro.07.001.2009"},{"key":"bibr49-1059712313488789","first-page":"6","volume":"4","author":"Van der Meer M. A. A.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroscience"},{"key":"bibr50-1059712313488789","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2004.06.006"},{"key":"bibr51-1059712313488789","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1919"}],"container-title":["Adaptive Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1059712313488789","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1059712313488789","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1059712313488789","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:18:22Z","timestamp":1777393102000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1059712313488789"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,15]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1059712313488789"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1059712313488789","relation":{},"ISSN":["1059-7123","1741-2633"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1059-7123","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-2633","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,15]]}}}