{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T04:21:23Z","timestamp":1777522883170,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,17]],"date-time":"2019-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563321600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Adaptive Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In this reply to the commentaries of Lyon and Swenson, I clarify the arguments of my article, \u201cOn the nature and origins of cognition as a form of motivated activity.\u201d In particular, I focus on the nature of self-preserving behavior, considered not only as a basic and universal form of cognitive behavior but also as a key example of cognition as form of motivated activity. I clarify that my approach affirms the importance of self-preserving behavior but questions the widespread assumption that this and other varieties of motivated behavior can be explained as the product of homeostatic mechanisms. I suggest that extremal properties can not only do a better job of explaining homeostasis-like behaviors, but they can also be extended to other kinds of motivated behavior that are not homeostasis-like. Finally, I emphasize the explanatory promise of extremal properties with respect to fundamental questions about the emergence of order in living and nonliving systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1059712319863043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,18]],"date-time":"2019-07-18T00:57:41Z","timestamp":1563411461000},"page":"113-118","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Extremal properties and self-preserving behavior"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5209-8631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathaniel","family":"Barrett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1059712319863043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2005.08.006"},{"key":"bibr2-1059712319863043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsx060"},{"key":"bibr3-1059712319863043","first-page":"167","volume-title":"Advances in Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"41","author":"Barrett L. 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