{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T04:21:37Z","timestamp":1777522897485,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,3]],"date-time":"2019-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570060800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Adaptive Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Biological vision incorporates intelligent cooperation between the sensory and the motor systems, which is facilitated by the development of motor skills that help to shape visual information that is relevant to a specific vision task. In this article, we seek to explore an approach to active vision inspired by biological systems, which uses limited constraints for motor strategies through progressive adaptation via an evolutionary method. This type of approach gives freedom to artificial systems in the discovery of eye-movement strategies that may be useful to solve a given vision task but are not known to us. In the experiment sections of this article, we use this type of evolutionary active vision system for more complex natural images in both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) environments. To further improve the results, we experiment with the use of pre-processing the visual input with both the uniform local binary patterns (ULBP) and the histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) for classification tasks in the 2D and 3D environments. The 3D experiments include application of the active vision system to object categorisation and indoor versus outdoor environment classification. Our experiments are conducted on the iCub humanoid robot simulator platform.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1059712319874475","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,3]],"date-time":"2019-10-03T07:18:58Z","timestamp":1570087138000},"page":"3-24","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evolutionary active vision system: from 2D to 3D"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1972-7053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olalekan","family":"Lanihun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Abeystwyth University, Abeystwyth, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7570-1192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernie","family":"Tiddeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abeystwyth University, Abeystwyth, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abeystwyth University, Abeystwyth, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elio","family":"Tuci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Namur, Namur, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1059712319874475","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2006.244"},{"key":"bibr2-1059712319874475","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2009.53"},{"key":"bibr3-1059712319874475","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.993558"},{"key":"bibr4-1059712319874475","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s006070050026"},{"key":"bibr5-1059712319874475","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.1986.4767851"},{"key":"bibr6-1059712319874475","volume-title":"Adaptive active vision","author":"Croon G.","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr7-1059712319874475","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2005.177"},{"key":"bibr8-1059712319874475","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.robot.2012.11.004"},{"key":"bibr9-1059712319874475","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2005.29"},{"key":"bibr10-1059712319874475","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.982896"},{"key":"bibr11-1059712319874475","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.05.017"},{"key":"bibr12-1059712319874475","first-page":"49","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Epigenetic Robotics: Modeling Cognitive Development in Robotic Systems","author":"Ferrauto T.","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr13-1059712319874475","volume-title":"Genetic algorithm in search, optimisation and machine learning","author":"Goldberg D.","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr14-1059712319874475","unstructured":"Google. (2017). Google images. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.google.co.uk\/imghp?hl=entab=wi"},{"key":"bibr15-1059712319874475","volume-title":"Using MPI: Portable parallel programming with the message-passing interface","volume":"1","author":"Gropp W.","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr16-1059712319874475","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219843610002179"},{"key":"bibr17-1059712319874475","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2013.07.038"},{"key":"bibr18-1059712319874475","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00133570"},{"key":"bibr19-1059712319874475","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CEC.2001.934378"},{"key":"bibr20-1059712319874475","first-page":"31","volume-title":"Artificial Life and Intelligent Agents Symposium","author":"Lanihun O.","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr21-1059712319874475","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bica.2013.05.009"},{"key":"bibr22-1059712319874475","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.527440"},{"key":"bibr23-1059712319874475","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(00)01569-1"},{"key":"bibr24-1059712319874475","first-page":"247","volume":"7","author":"Marocco D.","year":"2002","journal-title":"From Animals to Animats"},{"key":"bibr25-1059712319874475","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/375735.376414"},{"key":"bibr26-1059712319874475","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540091.2010.505976"},{"key":"bibr27-1059712319874475","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FUZZY.1998.687473"},{"key":"bibr28-1059712319874475","volume-title":"From Animals to Animats 6: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior","author":"Nolfi S.","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr29-1059712319874475","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-3203(95)00067-4"},{"key":"bibr30-1059712319874475","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2002.1017623"},{"key":"bibr31-1059712319874475","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.1997.609310"},{"key":"bibr32-1059712319874475","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-85729-748-8_2"},{"key":"bibr33-1059712319874475","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-37577-4_8"},{"key":"bibr34-1059712319874475","volume-title":"EuroAsianPacific Joint Conference on Cognitive Science","author":"Schembri M.","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr35-1059712319874475","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-33179-4_22"},{"key":"bibr36-1059712319874475","unstructured":"Super Computing Wales. (2019). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.supercomputing.wales\/"},{"key":"bibr37-1059712319874475","first-page":"751","volume-title":"European Conference on Computer Vision","author":"Tapia J.","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr38-1059712319874475","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.1995.466856"},{"key":"bibr39-1059712319874475","first-page":"40","volume-title":"4th Neural Computation and Psychology Workshop","author":"Thornton C.","year":"1998"},{"key":"bibr40-1059712319874475","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156855307781389419"},{"key":"bibr41-1059712319874475","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00128132"},{"key":"bibr42-1059712319874475","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-09952-1_9"},{"key":"bibr43-1059712319874475","volume-title":"Faculty of Computer Science University of Namur, rue Grandgagnage 21, 5000, Namur, Belgium","author":"Tuci E.","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr44-1059712319874475","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2010.2046174"},{"key":"bibr45-1059712319874475","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCB.2010.2043528"},{"key":"bibr46-1059712319874475","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-33275-3_46"}],"container-title":["Adaptive Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1059712319874475","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1059712319874475","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1059712319874475","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:18:59Z","timestamp":1777393139000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1059712319874475"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,3]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1059712319874475"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1059712319874475","relation":{},"ISSN":["1059-7123","1741-2633"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1059-7123","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-2633","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,3]]}}}