{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T04:24:05Z","timestamp":1777523045514,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]],"date-time":"2023-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686009600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NWO","award":["VICI grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VICI grant"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001827","name":"Universiteit van Amsterdam","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Interdisciplinary Doctorate Agreement"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Interdisciplinary Doctorate Agreement"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001827","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"ERC","award":["Starting Grant (679190)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Starting Grant (679190)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Adaptive Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Causal cognition is a core aspect of how we deal with the world; however, existing psychological theories tend not to target intuitive causal engagement that is done in daily life. To fill this gap, we propose an Ecological-Enactive (E-E) affordance-based account of situated causal engagement, that is, causal judgments and perceptions. We develop this account to improve our understanding of this way of dealing with the world, which includes making progress on the causal selection problem, and to extend the scope of embodied cognitive science to causal cognition. We characterize identifying causes as selectively attending to the relevant ecological information to engage with relevant affordances, where these affordances are dependent on individual abilities. Based on this we construe causal engagement as based on a learned skill. Moreover, we argue that to understand judgments of causation as we make them in our daily lives, we need to see them as situated in sociocultural practices. Practices are about doing, and so this view helps us understand why people make these judgments so ubiquitously: to get things done, to provide an effective path to intervening in the world. Ultimately this view on causal engagement allows us to account for individual differences in causal perceptions, judgments, and selections by appealing to differences in learned skills and sociocultural practices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10597123231179486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]],"date-time":"2023-06-06T15:44:02Z","timestamp":1686066242000},"page":"207-224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The causal mind: An affordance-based account of causal engagement"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7072-4392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivar","family":"Kolvoort","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Institute for Logic, Language, and Computation, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Logic, Language, and Computation, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5197-142X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erik","family":"Rietveld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Logic, Language, and Computation, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC \u2013 Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Philosophy, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/feduc.2020.00147"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr2-10597123231179486","first-page":"7","volume":"18","author":"Ara\u00fajo D.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Consciousness Studies"},{"key":"bibr3-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/applin\/amq009"},{"key":"bibr4-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156770909X12518536414493"},{"key":"bibr5-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00001","volume":"11","author":"Bender A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"bibr6-10597123231179486","first-page":"231","volume":"2","author":"Bender A.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"bibr7-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01093"},{"key":"bibr8-10597123231179486","first-page":"717","volume-title":"Oxford handbook of causal reasoning","author":"Bender A.","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr9-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11229-018-1716-9"},{"key":"bibr10-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00599"},{"key":"bibr11-10597123231179486","volume-title":"An introduction to the philosophy of science","author":"Carnap R.","year":"1966"},{"key":"bibr12-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15326969ECO1502_5"},{"key":"bibr13-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/8367.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr14-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(91)90047-8"},{"key":"bibr15-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03194985"},{"key":"bibr16-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.125.1.47"},{"key":"bibr17-10597123231179486","first-page":"201","volume-title":"Oxford handbook of causal reasoning","author":"Danks D.","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr18-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2023177"},{"key":"bibr19-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2214261"},{"key":"bibr20-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11097-006-9042-y"},{"key":"bibr21-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781351052306-48"},{"key":"bibr22-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/pc.19.1.01fro"},{"key":"bibr23-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198794325.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr24-10597123231179486","volume-title":"The phenomenological mind: An introduction to philosophy of mind and cognitive science","author":"Gallagher S.","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr25-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195118254.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr26-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-2985-5_1"},{"key":"bibr27-10597123231179486","volume-title":"The senses considered as perceptual systems","author":"Gibson J.","year":"1966"},{"key":"bibr28-10597123231179486","volume-title":"The ecological approach to visual perception","author":"Gibson J.","year":"1979"},{"key":"bibr29-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0048826"},{"key":"bibr30-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11229-009-9497-9"},{"key":"bibr31-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10407413.2015.1068654"},{"key":"bibr32-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10407413.2019.1615224"},{"key":"bibr33-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-5914.1989.tb00133.x"},{"key":"bibr34-10597123231179486","volume-title":"Contemporary science and natural explanation: Commonsense conceptions of causality","author":"Hesslow G.","year":"1988"},{"key":"bibr35-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/667899"},{"key":"bibr36-10597123231179486","volume-title":"Making a difference: Essays on the philosophy of causation","author":"Hitchcock C.","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr37-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5840\/jphil20091061128"},{"key":"bibr38-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2017.01.010"},{"key":"bibr39-10597123231179486","first-page":"113","volume-title":"The debated mind: Evolutionary psychology versus ethnography","author":"Ingold T.","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr40-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10407410701432337"},{"key":"bibr41-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2019.02.001"},{"key":"bibr42-10597123231179486","author":"Kirfel L.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"key":"bibr43-10597123231179486","unstructured":"Kirfel L., Lagnado D. (2018). Statistical norm effects in causal cognition. In Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, August, (pp. 615\u2013620)."},{"key":"bibr44-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1059712318772778"},{"key":"bibr45-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11229-020-02540-3"},{"key":"bibr46-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11229-019-02123-x"},{"key":"bibr47-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11097-009-9133-7"},{"key":"bibr48-10597123231179486","unstructured":"Kolvoort I. R., Davis Z. J., van Maanen L., Rehder B. (2021). Variability in causal reasoning. In Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society."},{"key":"bibr49-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-08629-8_2"},{"key":"bibr50-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2015.01.013"},{"key":"bibr51-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.96.4.674"},{"key":"bibr52-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2025310"},{"key":"bibr53-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2010.05.002"},{"key":"bibr54-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0032935"},{"key":"bibr55-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/obhd.1995.1002"},{"key":"bibr56-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjps\/44.2.187"},{"key":"bibr57-10597123231179486","volume-title":"The perception of causality","author":"Michotte A. E.","year":"1963"},{"key":"bibr58-10597123231179486","first-page":"577","volume-title":"Causal cognition: A multidisciplinary debate","author":"Morris M.","year":"1995"},{"key":"bibr59-10597123231179486","volume-title":"The Oxford handbook of causal reasoning","author":"Muentener P.","year":"2017"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr60-10597123231179486","first-page":"80","volume":"23","author":"Myin E.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Consciousness Studies"},{"key":"bibr61-10597123231179486","volume-title":"Action in perception","author":"No\u00eb A.","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr62-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/harvard.9780674063013"},{"key":"bibr63-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511803161"},{"key":"bibr64-10597123231179486","first-page":"73","volume-title":"Making a difference: Essays on the philosophy of causation","author":"Price H.","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr65-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2014.02.002"},{"key":"bibr66-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mind\/fzn050"},{"key":"bibr67-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/aicr.86.11rie"},{"key":"bibr68-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10597123221133869"},{"key":"bibr69-10597123231179486","first-page":"41","volume-title":"The Oxford handbook of 4E cognition","author":"Rietveld E.","year":"2018"},{"key":"bibr70-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10407413.2014.958035"},{"key":"bibr71-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2016.07.007"},{"key":"bibr72-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/377380"},{"key":"bibr73-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195183115.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr74-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2004.07.004"},{"key":"bibr75-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10407413.2015.1027123"},{"key":"bibr76-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9780262014601.003.0002"},{"key":"bibr77-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193875"},{"key":"bibr78-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15326969eco0403_3"},{"key":"bibr79-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(81)90002-0"},{"key":"bibr80-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/plc-2018-0005"},{"key":"bibr81-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11098-021-01605-4"},{"key":"bibr82-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11229-020-02578-3"},{"key":"bibr83-10597123231179486","first-page":"1","author":"van Dijk L.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"bibr84-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11229-018-02013-8"},{"key":"bibr85-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.langsci.2021.101389"},{"key":"bibr86-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/6730.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr87-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cogs.12605"},{"key":"bibr88-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.plm.2016.04.001"},{"key":"bibr89-10597123231179486","first-page":"27","volume":"27","author":"Walsh C. R.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society"},{"key":"bibr90-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0017.2010.01409.x"},{"key":"bibr91-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.10.5.683"},{"key":"bibr92-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.newideapsych.2011.12.003"},{"key":"bibr93-10597123231179486","volume-title":"Philosophical investigations","author":"Wittgenstein L.","year":"1953"},{"key":"bibr94-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.136.1.82"},{"key":"bibr95-10597123231179486","volume-title":"Making things happen: A theory of causal explanation","author":"Woodward J.","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr96-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199571154.003.0002"},{"key":"bibr97-10597123231179486","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/678313"},{"key":"bibr98-10597123231179486","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Stanford Encyclopedia of philosophy","author":"Woodward J.","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr99-10597123231179486","first-page":"57","volume-title":"Embodiment in evolution and culture","author":"Zahidi K.","year":"2016"}],"container-title":["Adaptive Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10597123231179486","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10597123231179486","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10597123231179486","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:19:28Z","timestamp":1777393168000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10597123231179486"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]]},"references-count":99,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10597123231179486"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10597123231179486","relation":{},"ISSN":["1059-7123","1741-2633"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1059-7123","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-2633","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]]}}}