{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T04:24:29Z","timestamp":1777523069747,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]],"date-time":"2024-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723680000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002428","name":"Austrian Science Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Y1309"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Y1309"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["390523135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["390523135"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Adaptive Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Goffin\u2019s cockatoos ( Cacatua goffiniana) can solve a diverse set of mechanical problems, such as tool use, tool manufacture, and mechanical puzzles. However, the proximate mechanisms underlying this adaptive behavior are largely unknown. Similarly, engineering artificial agents that can as flexibly solve such mechanical puzzles is still a substantial challenge in areas such as robotics. This article is an interdisciplinary approach to study mechanical problem solving which we hope is relevant to both fields. The behavior we are studying results from the interaction between a complex environment (the lockbox) and different processes that govern the animals\u2019 behavior. We therefore jointly analyze the parrots\u2019 (1) engagement, (2) sensorimotor skill learning, and (3) action selection. We find that none of these aspects could solely explain the animals\u2019 behavioral adaptation and that a plausible model of proximate mechanisms must jointly address these aspects. We accompany this analysis with a discussion of methods to identify such mechanisms. At the same time, we argue, it is implausible to identify a detailed model from the limited behavioral data of just a few studies. Instead, we advocate for an incremental approach to model building in which one first establishes constraints on proximate mechanisms before specific, detailed models are formulated. To illustrate this idea, we apply it to the data presented here. We argue that as the field attempts to find mechanistic explanations for increasingly complex behaviors, such alternative modeling approaches will be necessary.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10597123241270764","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T01:29:46Z","timestamp":1723771786000},"page":"551-562","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mechanical Problem Solving in Goffin\u2019s Cockatoos\u2014Towards Modeling Complex Behavior"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Manuel","family":"Baum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Robotics and Biology Laboratory, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Science of Intelligence (SCIoI), Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theresa","family":"R\u00f6ssler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Cognition, Messerli Research Institute, Medical University of Vienna, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Department of Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio J.","family":"Osuna-Mascar\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Cognition, Messerli Research Institute, Medical University of Vienna, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Auersperg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science of Intelligence (SCIoI), Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Comparative Cognition, Messerli Research Institute, Medical University of Vienna, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Brock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robotics and Biology Laboratory, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Science of Intelligence (SCIoI), Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10597123241270764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-25646-9"},{"key":"bibr2-10597123241270764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2016.0689"},{"key":"bibr3-10597123241270764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0068979"},{"key":"bibr4-10597123241270764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0205429"},{"key":"bibr5-10597123241270764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12966\/abc.11.05.2014"},{"key":"bibr6-10597123241270764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0038314"},{"key":"bibr7-10597123241270764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2020.0122"},{"key":"bibr8-10597123241270764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HUMANOIDS.2017.8246913"},{"key":"bibr9-10597123241270764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-16770-6_6"},{"key":"bibr10-10597123241270764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/1568539X-00003515"},{"key":"bibr11-10597123241270764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10071-021-01569-2"},{"key":"bibr12-10597123241270764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2019.02.006"},{"key":"bibr13-10597123241270764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429489105"},{"key":"bibr14-10597123241270764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-46430-1_12"},{"key":"bibr15-10597123241270764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5195\/jmla.2017.88"},{"key":"bibr16-10597123241270764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12584"},{"key":"bibr17-10597123241270764","first-page":"119","volume-title":"Current ornithology","author":"Greenberg R.","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr18-10597123241270764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2015.0544"},{"key":"bibr19-10597123241270764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2014.08.027"},{"key":"bibr20-10597123241270764","first-page":"145","volume-title":"Animal cognition","author":"Griffin A. S.","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr21-10597123241270764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186859"},{"key":"bibr22-10597123241270764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2649-2"},{"key":"bibr23-10597123241270764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCSE.2007.55"},{"key":"bibr24-10597123241270764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eth.13351"},{"key":"bibr25-10597123241270764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005268"},{"key":"bibr26-10597123241270764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2021.0250"},{"key":"bibr27-10597123241270764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep28380"},{"issue":"1862","key":"bibr28-10597123241270764","first-page":"20171026","volume":"284","author":"Laumer I. B.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proceedings. Biological Sciences"},{"key":"bibr29-10597123241270764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00133-2"},{"key":"bibr30-10597123241270764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-04751-0"},{"key":"bibr31-10597123241270764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-05529-9"},{"key":"bibr32-10597123241270764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198526223.003.0001"},{"key":"bibr33-10597123241270764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-65223-6"},{"key":"bibr34-10597123241270764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11047-012-9306-0"},{"key":"bibr35-10597123241270764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2022.06.002"},{"key":"bibr36-10597123241270764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2016.02.006"},{"key":"bibr37-10597123241270764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.03021"},{"key":"bibr38-10597123241270764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25080\/Majora-92bf1922-00a"}],"container-title":["Adaptive Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10597123241270764","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10597123241270764","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10597123241270764","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:19:35Z","timestamp":1777393175000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10597123241270764"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10597123241270764"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10597123241270764","relation":{},"ISSN":["1059-7123","1741-2633"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1059-7123","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-2633","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]]}}}