{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T04:18:07Z","timestamp":1777522687153,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,9,1]],"date-time":"1997-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":873072000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Adaptive Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>If behavior networks, which use spreading activation to select actions, are analogous to connectionist methods of pattern recognition, then we suggest that recurrent behavior networks, which use energy minimization, are analogous to Hopfield networks. Hopfield networks memorize patterns by making them attractors. We argue that, similarly, each behavior of a recurrent behavior network should be an attractor of the network, to inhibit fruitless, repeated switching between different behaviors in response to small changes in the environment and in motivations. We demonstrate that the performance in a test domain of the Do the Right Thing recurrent behavior network is improved by redesigning it to create desirable attractors and basins of attraction. We further show that this performance increase is correlated with an increase in persistence and a decrease in undesirable behavior switching.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/105971239700600203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,11]],"date-time":"2007-03-11T01:45:25Z","timestamp":1173577525000},"page":"247-283","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The Dynamics of Recurrent Behavior Networks"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Philip","family":"Goetz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoesis, Inc"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Walters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State University of New York at Buffalo"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the American Association for Artificial Intelligence-87","author":"Agre, P.E."},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/T-C.1972.223477"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6828877"},{"key":"atypb4","volume-title":"The Cambridge dictionary of philosophy","author":"Audi, R.","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-3472(76)80002-4"},{"key":"atypb6","volume-title":"Chaotic dynamics: An introduction","author":"Baker, G.","year":"1990"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-8890(05)80034-X"},{"key":"atypb8","volume-title":"Action-selection in Hamsterdam: Lessons from ethology","author":"Blumberg, B.","year":"1994"},{"key":"atypb9","volume-title":"Proceedings of SIGGRAPH '95","author":"Blumberg, B."},{"key":"atypb10","volume-title":"Dictionary of mathematics","author":"Borowski, E.J.","year":"1991"},{"key":"atypb11","volume-title":"A robust layered control system for a mobile robot (Tech. Rep. No. 864)","author":"Brooks, R.A.","year":"1985"},{"key":"atypb12","first-page":"267","volume":"35","author":"de Carvalho, L.A.","year":"1994","journal-title":"International journal of Bio-Medical Computing"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7101(94)01032-V"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/411334"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1994.72.5.2532"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/105971239500300402"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(71)90010-5"},{"key":"atypb18","volume-title":"Attractors in recurrent behavior networks","author":"Goetz, P.","year":"1997"},{"key":"atypb19","volume-title":"Cognition and emotion in animals and machines","author":"Halperin, J.","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb20","volume-title":"The federalist, or the new constitution","author":"Hamilton, A.","year":"1948"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.146.3649.1323"},{"key":"atypb22","volume-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","author":"Hopfield, J.J."},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0053555"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00221309.1943.10544430"},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00652226"},{"key":"atypb26","volume-title":"How to do the right thing. AI Lab Memo No. 1180","author":"Maes, P.","year":"1989"},{"key":"atypb27","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-89)","author":"Maes, P."},{"key":"atypb28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-8890(05)80028-4"},{"key":"atypb29","volume-title":"Adaptive action selection. In Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society","author":"Maes, P.","year":"1991"},{"key":"atypb30","volume-title":"Proceedings of the First European Conference on Artificial Life","author":"Maes, P."},{"key":"atypb31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog0402_1"},{"key":"atypb32","volume-title":"The society of mind","author":"Minsky, M.","year":"1986"},{"key":"atypb33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-7569-6_8"},{"key":"atypb34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/105971239400300203"},{"issue":"191","key":"atypb35","author":"Razran, G.H.S.","year":"1935","journal-title":"Archives of Psychology"},{"key":"atypb36","volume-title":"From animals to animats: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior","author":"Roitblat, H."},{"key":"atypb37","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/INNS International Joint Conference on Neural Networks","author":"Rosenblatt, J.K."},{"key":"atypb38","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1995 International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)","author":"Rosenblatt, J.K."},{"key":"atypb39","volume-title":"Learning internal representations by error propagation","author":"Rumelhart, D.E.","year":"1986"},{"key":"atypb40","volume-title":"Fractals, chaos, power laws","author":"Schroeder, M.","year":"1991"},{"key":"atypb41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X00047336"},{"key":"atypb42","volume-title":"Supervenience in dynamic-world planning","author":"Spector, L.","year":"1992"},{"key":"atypb43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/3115.003.0036","volume-title":"Computer simulation of an animal environment","author":"Tyrrell, T.","year":"1991"},{"key":"atypb44","volume-title":"Computational mechanisms for action selection. (Tech. rep. No. EUCCS\/PHD 72)","author":"Tyrrell, T.","year":"1993"},{"key":"atypb45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/105971239400200401"},{"key":"atypb46","volume-title":"Catastrophe theory","author":"Woodcock, A.","year":"1978"}],"container-title":["Adaptive Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/105971239700600203","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/105971239700600203","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:18:24Z","timestamp":1777393104000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/105971239700600203"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,9]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/105971239700600203"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/105971239700600203","relation":{},"ISSN":["1059-7123","1741-2633"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1059-7123","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-2633","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,9]]}}}