{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T03:25:35Z","timestamp":1777865135566,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776729600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of School Nursing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>School nurses are often looked to coordinate care for students with a concussions. School-based concussion return-to-school policies may help provide guidance to help school nurses navigate this process. Using data from the 2024 School Pulse Panel (a nationally representative sample of U.S. public school principals), the purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of school-based concussion policies and their components (e.g., staff training, accommodations for students). Results from 1,683 respondents showed that most principals (75%) reported that their school had a concussion policy during the 2023\u20132024 school year. Of those with a concussion policy, 58% reported that their concussion policy included information on how to support students in the classroom and 29% responded that their concussion policy required training for staff on concussion. Dedicated efforts to promote comprehensive policies and standardization of best practices may be beneficial to promote uptake and limit inconsistencies in concussion management plans and practices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10598405261442920","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T13:17:56Z","timestamp":1776777476000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Concussion and Traumatic Brain Injury Policies in K-12 Public Schools: National Data from the 2024 School Pulse Panel Survey"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5142-102X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly","family":"Sarmiento","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Injury Association of America"},{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1708-0524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dana","family":"Waltzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922815588820"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","volume-title":"Report to congress on traumatic brain injury in the United States: Epidemiology and rehabilitation","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2015","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015). Report to congress on traumatic brain injury in the United States: Epidemiology and rehabilitation. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","volume-title":"Report to congress: The management of traumatic brain injury in children","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2018","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018). Report to congress: The management of traumatic brain injury in children. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","volume-title":"Get your school prepared to manage traumatic brain injuries (TBI) and concussions: Example TBI management plan for schools and school districts","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2025","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2025). Get your school prepared to manage traumatic brain injuries (TBI) and concussions: Example TBI management plan for schools and school districts. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services."},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","first-page":"510","article-title":"Improvements in school professionals\u2019 knowledge and self-efficacy after completing CDC HEADS UP to schools online training","volume":"95","author":"Chang D.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chang D., Sarmiento K., Waltzman D. (2025). Improvements in school professionals\u2019 knowledge and self-efficacy after completing CDC HEADS UP to schools online training. Journal of School Nursing, 95(7), 510\u2013521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/josh.70022","journal-title":"Journal of School Nursing"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1110539"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2017.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2019.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ip-2023-044971"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2022.1008551"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.12900"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6724a3"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","article-title":"The new neurometabolic cascade of concussion","volume":"75","author":"Giza C. C.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Giza C. C., Hovda D. A. (2014). The new neurometabolic cascade of concussion. Neurosurgery, 75(Suppl. 4), S24\u2013S33. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000505","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40621-019-0228-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-3074"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/jme.2025.10112"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.5.919"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","article-title":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guideline on the diagnosis and management of mild traumatic brain injury among children","volume":"172","author":"Lumba-Brown A.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lumba-Brown A., Yeates K. O., Sarmiento K., Breiding M. J., Haegerich T. M., Gioia G. A., Turner M., Benzel E. C., Suskauer S. J., Giza C. C., Joseph M., Broomand C., Weissman B., Gordon W., Wright D. W., Moser R. S., McAvoy K., Ewing-Cobbs L., Duhaime A.-C., Timmons S. D. (2018). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guideline on the diagnosis and management of mild traumatic brain injury among children. JAMA Pediatrics, 172(11), Article e182853. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2018.2853","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHH.0000000000001239"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","first-page":"140","article-title":"The association between school district-based policies related to concussions and concussions among high school students","volume":"92","author":"Miller G. F.","unstructured":"Miller G. F., Sarmiento K., Haarbauer-Krupa J., Jones S. E. (2022b). The association between school district-based policies related to concussions and concussions among high school students. Journal of School Nursing, 92(2), 140\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/josh.13113","journal-title":"Journal of School Nursing"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","volume-title":"Traumatic brain injury: A roadmap for accelerating progress","author":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine","year":"2022","unstructured":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2022). Traumatic brain injury: A roadmap for accelerating progress. The National Academies Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","unstructured":"National Association of School Nurses. (2021). Concussions: School-based management [Position statement]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","unstructured":"National Center for Education Statistics. (2025a). School pulse panel: Surveying high-priority education-related topics. https:\/\/nces.ed.gov\/surveys\/spp\/about.asp"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","unstructured":"National Center for Education Statistics. (2025b). School pulse panel: Surveying high-priority education-related topics: Methodology. https:\/\/nces.ed.gov\/surveys\/spp\/methodology.asp"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000208"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NAJ.0000733428.67589.5e"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922813499070"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097853"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-3434"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","unstructured":"Reed N. Zemek R. Dawson J. Ledoux A.-A. Provvidenza C. Paniccia M. Tataryn Z. Yeates K. (2024). Living guideline for pediatric concussion. https:\/\/www.pedsconcussion.com"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0215900"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2023.03.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000268"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/PHH.0000000000001128","article-title":"Putting policy into practice: School-level compliance with and implementation of state concussion laws","volume":"26","author":"Sullivan L.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sullivan L., Harvey H. H., Smith G. A., Yang J. (2020). Putting policy into practice: School-level compliance with and implementation of state concussion laws. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 26(Suppl. 2), S84\u2013S92. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PHH.0000000000001128","journal-title":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ip-2022-044568"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2025.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.13126"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2377960818798437"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1059840520964925"}],"container-title":["The Journal of School Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10598405261442920","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10598405261442920","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10598405261442920","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T05:54:37Z","timestamp":1777528477000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10598405261442920"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10598405261442920"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10598405261442920","relation":{},"ISSN":["1059-8405","1546-8364"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1059-8405","type":"print"},{"value":"1546-8364","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]]},"article-number":"10598405261442920"}}