{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T23:55:36Z","timestamp":1777420536387,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,16]],"date-time":"2013-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1381881600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Background: Diabetes treatment cost increased 41% from 2007 to 2011. Pharmacists have provided collaborative diabetes management for decades with improvement in disease-related end points. Few have reported economic benefits of pharmacist management of type 2 diabetes. Objective: The purpose was to determine if cost savings associated with hemoglobin A\n                    <jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>\n                    (A1C) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) change outweighed programmatic pharmacist-physician collaborative care model costs. Methods: This cost analysis of a 12 month, prospective, multicenter, observational study included English-speaking adults, 18 years or older, with type 2 diabetes mellitus, a life expectancy &gt;1 year, and either a A1C &gt;7%, SBP &gt;130 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure &gt;80 mm Hg, or low-density lipoprotein concentration &gt;100 mg\/dL. Pregnant patients were excluded. Primary analysis outcome was average cost per outcome, ratio of net cost (numerator) and percentage achieving outcomes (denominator). Assessment outcomes included A1C reduction by at least 1% and SBP reduction by at least 5.6 mm Hg. Results: 206 patients were seen by pharmacists during 1612 encounters (mean = 7.8 encounters\/patient). Pharmacists spent 983 hours caring for type 2 diabetes patients (mean 3.8 hours\/patient). Base case net labor and program costs per patient were \u2212$66.77 and $106.81, respectively. Improvement in A1C and SBP yielded $421.01 in cost savings per patient. Labor and program average costs per patient for each outcome achieved were \u2212$100.40 and $160.61, respectively. Conclusions: This multisite pharmacist-physician collaboration in diabetes management showed cost savings when assessing pharmacist labor costs alone. Total program costs, including overhead, slightly increased cost of care.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028013506883","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,6]],"date-time":"2014-01-06T14:16:10Z","timestamp":1389017770000},"page":"1627-1634","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Pharmacoeconomic Analysis of the Diabetes Initiative Program"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Brandi E.","family":"Franklin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Pharmacy, Memphis, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle Z.","family":"Farland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Pharmacy, Knoxville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of Pharmacy, Little Rock, AR, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. Shawn","family":"McFarland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaunta\u2019 M.","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Pharmacy, Knoxville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debbie C.","family":"Byrd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Pharmacy, Knoxville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1060028013506883","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dcl12-2625"},{"key":"bibr2-1060028013506883","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18553\/jmcp.2008.14.9.831"},{"key":"bibr3-1060028013506883","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18553\/jmcp.2013.19.2.102"},{"key":"bibr4-1060028013506883","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1295\/phco.28.4.421"},{"key":"bibr5-1060028013506883","first-page":"277","volume":"12","author":"Rothman RL","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"key":"bibr6-1060028013506883","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1S079"},{"key":"bibr7-1060028013506883","unstructured":"Pharmacist Services Technical Advisory Coalition. Medication therapy management service codes. http:\/\/www.pstac.org\/services\/mtms-codes.html. Accessed March 5, 2013."},{"key":"bibr8-1060028013506883","unstructured":"Bureau of Labor Statistics. Occupational employment statistics: occupational employment and wages, May 2011. http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/oes\/current\/oes291051.htm. Accessed March 5, 2013."},{"key":"bibr9-1060028013506883","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.2.182"},{"key":"bibr10-1060028013506883","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1875-9114.2012.01097.x"},{"key":"bibr11-1060028013506883","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.30.3.228"},{"key":"bibr12-1060028013506883","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1875-9114.2011.01038.x"},{"key":"bibr13-1060028013506883","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1331\/108658003321480713"},{"key":"bibr14-1060028013506883","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2009.09015"},{"key":"bibr15-1060028013506883","unstructured":"Giberson S, Yoder S, Lee MP. Improving patient and health system outcomes through advanced pharmacy practice: a report to the U.S. Surgeon General. http:\/\/www.usphs.gov\/corpslinks\/pharmacy\/documents\/2011AdvancedPharmacyPracticeReporttotheUSSG.pdf. Accessed September 18, 2013."}],"container-title":["Annals of Pharmacotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1060028013506883","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1060028013506883","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1060028013506883","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:14:29Z","timestamp":1777374869000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1060028013506883"}},"subtitle":["A Pharmacist-Physician Collaborative Care Model"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,16]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1060028013506883"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1060028013506883","relation":{},"ISSN":["1060-0280","1542-6270"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1060-0280","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-6270","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,16]]}}}