{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T04:08:25Z","timestamp":1792296505438,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Many factors influence glaucoma medication adherence. A better understanding of the relationships between health literacy, depressive symptoms, and patient-reported problems in using glaucoma medications may reveal opportunities for intervention that could improve patients\u2019 clinical outcomes. Objective: To examine the relationship between patient characteristics (demographics, health literacy, and depressive symptoms) and patient-reported problems in using glaucoma medications and to assess factors related to patients\u2019 self-reported adherence to glaucoma medications. Methods: Patients diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma (n = 228) currently taking intraocular pressure\u2013lowering medications were recruited at 6 ophthalmology clinics. Patients were interviewed to identify problems using glaucoma medications, and self-reported medication adherence was determined using a Visual Analog Scale. Questionnaires were administered to assess health literacy, depressive symptoms, outcome expectations, and medication self-efficacy. Results: Younger patients ( P = 0.03), patients with depressive symptoms ( P = 0.02), and patients who reported more medication problems ( P = 0.005) were significantly less adherent to their glaucoma medications. Patients with higher glaucoma medication self-efficacy adherence scores ( P = 0.003) and higher outcome expectations ( P = 0.03) were significantly more adherent. Conclusions: Providers should consider using tools to screen glaucoma patients for depressive symptoms and for problems in using medications to identify patients who are at higher risk of nonadherence to treatment and who might benefit from follow-up with primary care providers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028014529413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,2]],"date-time":"2014-04-02T01:17:21Z","timestamp":1396401441000},"page":"856-862","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Determinants of Self-Reported Barriers to Glaucoma Medicine Administration and Adherence"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Betsy L.","family":"Sleath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"},{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan J.","family":"Blalock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly W.","family":"Muir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delesha M.","family":"Carpenter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott D.","family":"Lawrence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette L.","family":"Giangiacomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason A.","family":"Goldsmith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John A. 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Moran Eye Center University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Slota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan L.","family":"Robin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1060028014529413","volume-title":"Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory","author":"Bandura A","year":"1986"},{"key":"bibr2-1060028014529413","first-page":"235","volume-title":"Handbook of Health Psychology","author":"DeVellis 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