{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T14:27:14Z","timestamp":1778596034822,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,25]],"date-time":"2014-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1411603200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objectives:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Systematically review the literature assessing outcomes of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment during pregnancy.\n                    <jats:bold>Data Sources:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A Pubmed literature search (January 1969 to June 2014) for articles written about AML and pregnancy, and bibliographies\/citations of previously published reviews.\n                    <jats:bold>Study Selection and Data Extraction:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Articles written in the English language that administered active AML chemotherapy during pregnancy were included.\n                    <jats:bold>Data Synthesis:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Eighty-five fetuses were exposed to chemotherapy from 83 mothers: 8 mothers began induction chemotherapy in the first trimester, 61 mothers in the second trimester, and 14 mothers in the third trimester. Chemotherapy resulted in more fetal deaths and spontaneous abortions during the first trimester (37.5%) compared with the second (9.7%) and third trimesters (0%). All cases included cytarabine; 47 fetuses were exposed to daunorubicin and 8 fetuses to idarubicin. The percentages of fetal defects and death for cytarabine and daunorubicin combinations were 8.5% and 6.4%, respectively. With cytarabine and idarubicin combinations, the percentages of fetal defects and death were 28.6% and 12.5%, respectively. Complete remission (CR) rates were 100%, 81%, and 67% in the first, second, and third trimesters.\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Treatment during the second and third trimesters resulted in fewer fetal complications than the first trimester. However, delaying AML treatment may adversely affect the mother\u2019s outcomes. In the reported cases, induction during pregnancy resulted in CR rates comparable to that in nonpregnant patients. The choice of anthracycline is still unclear, but the decision should be made with careful consideration, weighing the outcomes for the mother and fetus.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028014552516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,26]],"date-time":"2014-09-26T03:58:14Z","timestamp":1411703894000},"page":"48-68","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia During Pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Abraham","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford Health Care, Palo Alto, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samit","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford Health Care, Palo Alto, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute. SEER Stat fact sheets: leukemia. http:\/\/seer.cancer.gov\/statfacts\/html\/leuks.html. Accessed September 9 2014."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Acute myeloid leukemia version 2.2014. https:\/\/www5.medicine.wisc.edu\/~williams\/aml.pdf. Accessed September 9 2014."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-09-3724"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-05-157065."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2009.23.2652."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"4173","article-title":"Frequency of prolonged remission duration after high-dose cytarabine intensification in acute myeloid leukemia varies by cytogenetic subtype","volume":"58","author":"Bloomfield CD","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bloomfield CD, Lawrence D, Byrd JC, . Frequency of prolonged remission duration after high-dose cytarabine intensification in acute myeloid leukemia varies by cytogenetic subtype. Cancer Res. 1998;58:4173-4179.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1040-8428(94)90043-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420170207."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1470-2045(04)01466-4."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","volume-title":"Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation","author":"Briggs GG","year":"2011","unstructured":"Briggs GG, Freeman RK, Yaffe SJ. Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation. 9th ed: Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2011."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2006.10.002."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-200203000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","unstructured":"Fludara\u00ae [package insert]. Bedford OH: Ben Venue Laboratories; 2003."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)28874-7","article-title":"Effect of phenobarbital and SKF 525A on placental transfer of cyclophosphamide in mice","volume":"177","author":"Gibson JE","year":"1971","unstructured":"Gibson JE, Becker BA. Effect of phenobarbital and SKF 525A on placental transfer of cyclophosphamide in mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1971;177:256-262.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","first-page":"475","article-title":"The teratogenicity of cyclophosphamide in mice","volume":"28","author":"Gibson JE","year":"1968","unstructured":"Gibson JE, Becker BA. The teratogenicity of cyclophosphamide in mice. Cancer Res. 1968;28:475-480.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-195802000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910340214"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31826c32d9."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2126(02)00182-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000100."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(82)90681-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000421-198804000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10428-190109060347."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19910201)67:3<703::AID-CNCR2820670329>3.0.CO;2-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2257.1989.tb00205.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","first-page":"2413","article-title":"Cancer in pregnancy: results of a series of 32 patients","volume":"26","author":"De Carolis S","year":"2006","unstructured":"De Carolis S, Grimolizzi F, Garofalo S, . Cancer in pregnancy: results of a series of 32 patients. Anticancer Res. 2006;26:2413-2418.","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.21137."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2001001200007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","first-page":"709","article-title":"Acute leukemia and pregnancy: fatal fetal outcome after exposure to idarubicin during the second trimester","volume":"33","author":"Reynoso EE","year":"1994","unstructured":"Reynoso EE, Huerta F. Acute leukemia and pregnancy: fatal fetal outcome after exposure to idarubicin during the second trimester. Acta Oncol (Stockholm, Sweden). 1994;33:709-710.","journal-title":"Acta Oncol (Stockholm, Sweden)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1976.167"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000079814."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-198408000-00032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1988.6.3.560"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","first-page":"562","article-title":"Sinusoidal fetal heart rate pattern during chemotherapy in a pregnant woman with acute myelogenous leukemia","volume":"94","author":"Hsu KF","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hsu KF, Chang CH, Chou CY. Sinusoidal fetal heart rate pattern during chemotherapy in a pregnant woman with acute myelogenous leukemia. J Formos Med Assoc. 1995;94:562-565.","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm.2009.105."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.1994.68"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1987.5.7.1098"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.71.3.F209"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)92651-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","first-page":"212","article-title":"Pregnancy complicated by acute myeloid leukaemia","volume":"89","author":"Hamer JW","year":"1979","unstructured":"Hamer JW, Beard ME, Duff GB. Pregnancy complicated by acute myeloid leukaemia. N Z Med J. 1979;89:212-213.","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000207676"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","first-page":"369","article-title":"Combination chemotherapy for acute myelocytic leukemia during pregnancy: three case reports","volume":"63","author":"Doney KC","year":"1979","unstructured":"Doney KC, Kraemer KG, Shepard TH. Combination chemotherapy for acute myelocytic leukemia during pregnancy: three case reports. Cancer Treat Rep. 1979;63:369-371.","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7292(94)90178-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(80)91278-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.2005.25.8.1134."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-993946."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","first-page":"126","article-title":"Acute myeloblastic leukemia in pregnancy: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"25","author":"Yucebilgin MS","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yucebilgin MS, Cagirgan S, Donmez A, . Acute myeloblastic leukemia in pregnancy: a case report and review of the literature. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol. 2004;25:126-128.","journal-title":"Eur J Gynaecol Oncol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","first-page":"803","article-title":"Chemotherapy during pregnancy: study of the late effects in long-term survivors [in Spanish]","volume":"45","author":"Aviles A","year":"1988","unstructured":"Aviles A. Chemotherapy during pregnancy: study of the late effects in long-term survivors [in Spanish]. Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex. 1988;45:803-807.","journal-title":"Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.1978.tb04918.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.2830360404"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1992.00400150093017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","first-page":"112","article-title":"Acute leukemia and pregnancy: case report","volume":"23","author":"Veneri D","year":"1996","unstructured":"Veneri D, Todeschini G, Pizzolo G, . Acute leukemia and pregnancy: case report. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 1996;23:112-115.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","first-page":"19","article-title":"Chemotherapy for acute leukemia during pregnancy: five case reports","volume":"26","author":"Fassas A","year":"1984","unstructured":"Fassas A, Kartalis G, Klearchou N, Tsatalas K, Sinacos Z, Mantalenakis S. Chemotherapy for acute leukemia during pregnancy: five case reports. Nouv Rev Fr Hematol. 1984;26:19-24.","journal-title":"Nouv Rev Fr Hematol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.239.25.2691"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-5379(83)90051-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000184745."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197509)36:3<861::AID-CNCR2820360305>3.0.CO;2-P"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-198010000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.1979.tb04118.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","first-page":"295","article-title":"Acute leukaemia in pregnancy: a case report and discussion on modern management","volume":"62","author":"de Souza JJ","year":"1982","unstructured":"de Souza JJ, Bezwoda WR, Jetham D, Sonnendecker EW. Acute leukaemia in pregnancy: a case report and discussion on modern management. S Afr Med J. 1982;62:295-296.","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1977.03630130062015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","first-page":"679","article-title":"Treatment of acute leukemia during pregnancy: presentation of nine cases","volume":"64","author":"Pizzuto J","year":"1980","unstructured":"Pizzuto J, Aviles A, Noriega L, Niz J, Morales M, Romero F. Treatment of acute leukemia during pregnancy: presentation of nine cases. Cancer Treat Rep. 1980;64:679-683.","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","first-page":"253","article-title":"High dose cytarabine: a review","volume":"2","author":"Bolwell BJ","year":"1988","unstructured":"Bolwell BJ, Cassileth PA, Gale RP. High dose cytarabine: a review. Leukemia. 1988;2:253-260.","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2014.157."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-09-454553."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0b013e3182083a44."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2011.01.001."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(72)80114-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2009.23.2801."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V60.2.454.454"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2009.11.004."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.174.167"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1H289."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.29.6.709."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.22934."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.03.060."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1438.2002.01128.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008235023749"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-011-0876-x."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-8258(90)90188-Q"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3816\/CBC.2006.n.029."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2011.05.003."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2010.01249.x."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2007.10.007."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-007-0416-3."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_87_2","first-page":"649","article-title":"Ovarian malignant immature teratoma associated with pregnancy: a case report","volume":"29","author":"Poujade O","year":"2008","unstructured":"Poujade O, Pujade-Lauraine E, Levardon M, Luton D. Ovarian malignant immature teratoma associated with pregnancy: a case report. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol. 2008;29:649-650.","journal-title":"Eur J Gynaecol Oncol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_88_2","first-page":"80","article-title":"Chemotherapy in non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma during pregnancy","volume":"38","author":"Lambert J","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lambert J, Wijermans PW, Dekker GA, Ossenkoppele GJ. Chemotherapy in non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma during pregnancy. Neth J Med. 1991;38:80-85.","journal-title":"Neth J Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/197347"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-94-4-547_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030089161009600420"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2006.05.038"}],"container-title":["Annals of Pharmacotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1060028014552516","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1060028014552516","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1060028014552516","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:15:28Z","timestamp":1777374928000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1060028014552516"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,25]]},"references-count":91,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1060028014552516"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1060028014552516","relation":{},"ISSN":["1060-0280","1542-6270"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1060-0280","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-6270","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,25]]}}}