{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:01:30Z","timestamp":1777420890306,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,3]],"date-time":"2014-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412294400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: For patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), early treatment is essential to prevent serious complications such as stroke. Several randomized clinical trials have shown that rate-control may be as effective as rhythm-control medications, whereas the latter have serious side effects. Little evidence exists, however, about which class of rate-control medication\u2014\u03b2-blockers (BBs) or calcium channel blockers (CCBs)\u2014may be superior. Objective: The objective was to compare the long-term persistence on BBs versus CCBs in nonelderly adult patients with AF. Methods: A longitudinal retrospective cohort study for patients 40 to 60 years old with newly diagnosed AF (identified by ICD-9 code 427.31) was performed using data from Ohio Medicaid physician, institutional, and pharmacy claims from January 2006 through June 2011. A Cox proportional hazard regression, with time to change out of rate-control therapy as the dependent variable, was estimated to compare persistence on (proxy for effectiveness of) rate-control medication across drug classes. A propensity-score analysis was used to control for selection bias. Additional covariates included age, development of heart failure, and medication adherence. Results: Out of 1239 patients included in the cohort, 1016 received a BB; 223 received a CCB. Over time, patients on CCBs were significantly more likely to switch out of rate-control therapy (hazard ratio = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.14-3.09) than patients on BBs. Conclusions: Evidence suggests that nonelderly AF patients, when prescribed rate-control therapy, persist longer on BBs than CCBs. Because this is the first long-term study comparing the 2 drug classes in the nonelderly population, further research is suggested.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028014552819","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,3]],"date-time":"2014-10-03T23:19:22Z","timestamp":1412378362000},"page":"1570-1579","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Persistence on \u03b2-Blockers Versus Calcium Channel Blockers for Ventricular Rate Control in Nonelderly Patients With Atrial Fibrillation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Vibha C. A.","family":"Desai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina M. 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