{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:10:46Z","timestamp":1787019046376,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,27]],"date-time":"2015-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: After an initial episode of atrial fibrillation (AF), patients may develop long-standing persistent or permanent AF. Objective: We evaluated whether use of statins, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), or \u03b2-blockers is associated with lower risk of long-standing persistent AF after an initial AF episode. Methods: We conducted a population-based inception cohort study of participants enrolled in Group Health, aged 30 to 84 years, with newly diagnosed AF in 2001-2004. We included only participants whose initial AF episode terminated within 6 months of onset. We ascertained the primary outcome of long-standing persistent AF from medical records, electrocardiograms, and administrative data. We determined time-varying medication use from Group Health pharmacy data. Results: Among 1317 participants with incident AF, 304 developed long-standing persistent AF. Our study suggests that current statin use versus never use may be associated with lower risk for long-standing persistent AF. However, the association was not statistically significant when adjusted for age, sex, cardiovascular risk factors, and current use of antiarrhythmic medication (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.77; 95% CI = 0.57, 1.03). In lagged analyses intended to reduce healthy user bias, current statin use 1 year prior versus never use 1 year prior was not associated with risk for long-standing persistent AF (HR = 0.91; 95% CI = 0.67, 1.24). ACE inhibitor, ARB, and \u03b2-blocker use were not associated with risk for long-standing persistent AF. Conclusions: Current statin use may confer protection that wanes after discontinuing use. Alternatively, healthy user bias or chance may explain the association. The association of statin use with long-standing persistent AF warrants further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028014568447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,28]],"date-time":"2015-01-28T00:21:43Z","timestamp":1422404503000},"page":"378-386","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Use of Statins and Antihypertensive Medications in Relation to Risk of Long-standing Persistent Atrial Fibrillation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Evan L.","family":"Thacker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"},{"name":"Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul N.","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce M.","family":"Psaty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"},{"name":"Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"McKnight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"W. 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