{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:43:39Z","timestamp":1787067819609,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,23]],"date-time":"2015-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1445558400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Background: To date, there is limited literature regarding the association between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and pancreatic carcinoma. Objective: To describe the comparative incidence of DPP-4 inhibitors and pancreatic carcinoma as reportedly available in the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. The goal was to provide health care practitioners a general understanding of the drug-disease occurrence. Methods: This is a case\/noncase study utilizing Empirica Signal software to query FAERS from November 1968 to December 31, 2013. The software was used to calculate a disproportionality statistic\u2014namely, the empirical Bayesian geometric mean (EBGM)\u2014for reports of DPP-4 inhibitors\u2013associated pancreatic carcinoma. The FDA considers an EBGM significant if the fifth percentile of the distribution is at least 2, defined as an EB\n                    <jats:sub>05<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2265 2. With use of a disproportionality analysis, DPP-4 inhibitors were compared with all agents listed in FAERS. Results: A total of 156 patients experienced pancreatic carcinoma while receiving DPP-4 inhibitor therapy. An EB\n                    <jats:sub>05<\/jats:sub>\n                    of 10.3 was determined for sitagliptin, 7.1 for saxagliptin, 4.9 for linagliptin, and 1.4 for alogliptin, compared with all other agents included in FAERS. Although an EB\n                    <jats:sub>05<\/jats:sub>\n                    &gt; 2 was achieved in 2 other antihyperglycemic agents, the findings were not consistent within their medication classes. Conclusion: There appears to be a statistical association between DPP-4 inhibitor use and pancreatic carcinoma. Causality cannot be inferred from the data provided. Additional clinical studies are needed to further explore this statistical association.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028015610123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,23]],"date-time":"2015-10-23T21:53:14Z","timestamp":1445637194000},"page":"27-31","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor\u2013Associated Pancreatic Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Angela K.","family":"Nagel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"St John Fisher College, Rochester, NY, USA"},{"name":"UR Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nabila","family":"Ahmed-Sarwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St John Fisher College, Rochester, NY, USA"},{"name":"UR Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul M.","family":"Werner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St John Fisher College, Rochester, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela C.","family":"Cipriano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St John Fisher College, Rochester, NY, USA"},{"name":"Anthony L. Jordan Health Center, Rochester, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robbert P.","family":"Van Manen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oracle Health Sciences Global Business Unit, Kattendijke, Zeeland Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack E.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St John Fisher College, Rochester, NY, USA"},{"name":"UR Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1060028015610123","unstructured":"Januvia (sitagliptin) [prescribing information]. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck & Co; 2010."},{"key":"bibr2-1060028015610123","first-page":"S1","volume":"38","author":"Cefalu WT","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"bibr3-1060028015610123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2008.09.030"},{"key":"bibr4-1060028015610123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.6.4.451"},{"key":"bibr5-1060028015610123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12287"},{"key":"bibr6-1060028015610123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12379"},{"key":"bibr7-1060028015610123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.02.018"},{"key":"bibr8-1060028015610123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200225060-00001"},{"key":"bibr9-1060028015610123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62154-6"},{"key":"bibr10-1060028015610123","first-page":"2134","volume":"90","author":"Fortson MR","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"bibr11-1060028015610123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2005.10.001"},{"key":"bibr12-1060028015610123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2009.06.002"},{"key":"bibr13-1060028015610123","first-page":"153","volume":"22","author":"Pearson G","year":"2001","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"bibr14-1060028015610123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6093263"},{"key":"bibr15-1060028015610123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI32278"},{"key":"bibr16-1060028015610123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-011-0793-0"},{"key":"bibr17-1060028015610123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-7915(95)80079-4"},{"key":"bibr18-1060028015610123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1001"},{"key":"bibr19-1060028015610123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1002"},{"key":"bibr20-1060028015610123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00031305.1999.10474456"}],"container-title":["Annals of Pharmacotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1060028015610123","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1060028015610123","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1060028015610123","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:16:04Z","timestamp":1777374964000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1060028015610123"}},"subtitle":["A Review of the FAERS Database"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,23]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1060028015610123"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1060028015610123","relation":{},"ISSN":["1060-0280","1542-6270"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1060-0280","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-6270","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,23]]}}}