{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T19:21:02Z","timestamp":1793388062221,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,28]],"date-time":"2017-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490659200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold>\n                    To review the efficacy and safety of talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) as well as its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, drug-drug interactions, handling procedures, cost considerations, and place in therapy.\n                    <jats:bold>Data Sources:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Searches of PubMed (1966 to February 2017) and Cochrane Library (1999 to February 2017) were conducted using the terms\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">talimogene laherparepvec<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T-VEC<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">OncoVEX<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">immunotherapy<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">melanoma<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">oncolytic virus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Additional information was determined from bibliographies, manufacturer product labeling and website, meeting abstracts, Food and Drug Administration website, and clinicaltrials.gov.\n                    <jats:bold>Study Selection and Data Extraction:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A total of 79 English-language publications were identified. Articles that assessed T-VEC\u2019s pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, mechanism, dosing, safety, and efficacy were included as well as narrative reviews that provided practical information.\n                    <jats:bold>Data Synthesis:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Clinical trials have confirmed the safety and efficacy of T-VEC as monotherapy for the treatment of advanced melanoma, with an overall response rate (ORR) of 26%. Relative to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, T-VEC significantly increased durable response rate (DRR; 16.3% vs 2.1%,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001); however, median overall survival was not improved (23.3 vs 18.9 months,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.051). Phase 1b trials have combined T-VEC and immunotherapies with promising results. T-VEC\u2019s adverse effects are generally considered mild to moderate in severity.\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    T-VEC is the first approved oncolytic virus for local treatment of unresectable cutaneous, subcutaneous, and nodal lesions in melanoma recurrent after initial surgery. T-VEC improves ORR and DRR as a single agent, shows promise in combination therapy, and is well tolerated. Ongoing trials will determine if T-VEC has a role in early treatment or in combination therapy for melanoma or other malignancies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028017702654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,29]],"date-time":"2017-03-29T00:48:14Z","timestamp":1490748494000},"page":"675-681","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Talimogene Laherparepvec: An Oncolytic Virus Therapy for Melanoma"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Patricia A.","family":"Corrigan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Commonwealth University Health System\/Medical College of Virginia Hospitals, Richmond, VA, USA"},{"name":"Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy, Richmond, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Beaulieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Commonwealth University Health System\/Medical College of Virginia Hospitals, Richmond, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashmi B.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Commonwealth University Health System\/Medical College of Virginia Hospitals, Richmond, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise K.","family":"Lowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Commonwealth University Health System\/Medical College of Virginia Hospitals, Richmond, VA, USA"},{"name":"Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy, Richmond, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts and Figures 2017. Atlanta GA: ACS; 2017. http:\/\/www.cancer.org\/research\/cancerfactsstatistics\/cancerfactsandfigures2017. Accessed January 12 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21349."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","unstructured":"American Cancer Society. Survival Rates for Melanoma Skin Cancer by Stage. Atlanta GA: ACS; 2016. http:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/skincancer-melanoma\/detailedguide\/melanoma-skin-cancer-survival-rates-by-stage. Accessed November 28 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","unstructured":"National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Melanoma (version 1.2016). https:\/\/www.nccn.org\/professionals\/physician_gls\/pdf\/melanoma.pdf. Accessed November 24 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","unstructured":"Wolchok JD. Cancer immunotherapy: melanoma. http:\/\/www.cancerresearch.org\/cancer-immunotherapy\/impacting-all-cancers\/melanoma. Accessed November 24 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olszanski AJ. Current and future roles of targeted therapy and immunotherapy in advanced melanoma. J Manag Care Pharm. 2014;20:346-356. doi:http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.18553\/jmcp.2014.20.4.346.","DOI":"10.18553\/jmcp.2014.20.4.346"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1758834015616934."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-14-0015."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration. FDA approves first-of-its-kind product for the treatment of melanoma. http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/NewsEvents\/Newsroom\/PressAnnouncements\/ucm469571.htm. October 27 2015. Accessed November 23 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","unstructured":"Imlygic (talimogene laherparepvec) suspension for intralesional injection [package insert]. Thousand Oaks CA: BioVex; 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-15-2667."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.58.3377."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1188\/16.ONF.219-226."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","unstructured":"Biologics License Application. Imlygic (Talimogene Laherparepvec). Thousand Oaks CA: Amgen Inc; 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-06-0759."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.24.3675."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-016-0116-2."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-016-5286-0."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.24522."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2051-1426-2-11."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.67.1529."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","unstructured":"ClinicalTrials.gov: A service of the U.S. National Institutes of Health. Talimogene laherparepvec. https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/results?term=talimogene&pg=1. 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