{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T18:03:06Z","timestamp":1792519386419,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,8]],"date-time":"2018-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538956800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Background: Rituximab (RTX) is a chimeric monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody used off-label in the treatment of membranous nephropathy (MN). Unfortunately, limited information is available on the pharmacokinetics of therapeutic proteins such as RTX in patients with glomerular kidney diseases. Objective: The current study evaluated RTX pharmacokinetics in patients with MN (n = 20) who received 4 RTX weekly intravenous infusions (375 mg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) over a month, with a repeat of the identical treatment at 6 months. Baseline patient characteristics were gender (17 male\/3 female), age (49 \u00b1 13 years), and body surface area (2.2 \u00b1 0.24 m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). Methods: Compartmental pharmacokinetic analyses were conducted using Phoenix, and comparisons of these parameters were made between the MN patients and published data from 2 reference populations without kidney diseases (follicular lymphoma and autoimmune disorders). Results: Patients with MN exhibited a shorter half-life, reduced volume of central compartment, decreased area under the serum concentration-time curve (exposure), and increased RTX clearance from the central compartment versus previous reports in the reference patient populations. Conclusions and Relevance: These results suggest that shorter half-life and lower exposures to RTX in patients with MN may necessitate higher doses and\/or changes to dosing frequency to optimize the relationships between serum concentrations and therapeutic effects.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028018803587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,8]],"date-time":"2018-10-08T03:31:35Z","timestamp":1538969495000},"page":"357-363","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Rituximab Exhibits Altered Pharmacokinetics in Patients With Membranous Nephropathy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Uma","family":"Fogueri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wisit","family":"Cheungapasitporn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Bourne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando C.","family":"Fervenza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie S.","family":"Joy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1060028018803587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/19420862.2015.989042"},{"key":"bibr2-1060028018803587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.04.026"},{"key":"bibr3-1060028018803587","first-page":"388","volume":"34","author":"Manrique J","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nefrologia"},{"key":"bibr4-1060028018803587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.121"},{"key":"bibr5-1060028018803587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.08.019"},{"key":"bibr6-1060028018803587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2015.07.037"},{"key":"bibr7-1060028018803587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/428253"},{"key":"bibr8-1060028018803587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfr507"},{"key":"bibr9-1060028018803587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18773\/austprescr.2016.053"},{"key":"bibr10-1060028018803587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S67264"},{"key":"bibr11-1060028018803587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2010.01.005"},{"key":"bibr12-1060028018803587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003331"},{"key":"bibr13-1060028018803587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000477944"},{"key":"bibr14-1060028018803587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000430849"},{"key":"bibr15-1060028018803587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000368585"},{"key":"bibr16-1060028018803587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2054358117698667"},{"key":"bibr17-1060028018803587","first-page":"1381","volume":"139","author":"Kim Y","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"bibr18-1060028018803587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.04321007"},{"key":"bibr19-1060028018803587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.05080610"},{"key":"bibr20-1060028018803587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ftd.0000184162.60197.c1"},{"key":"bibr21-1060028018803587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-018-3524-9"},{"key":"bibr22-1060028018803587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/mabs.26008"},{"key":"bibr23-1060028018803587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5301\/jn.5000096"},{"key":"bibr24-1060028018803587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2012.080929"},{"key":"bibr25-1060028018803587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-015-3120-8"},{"key":"bibr26-1060028018803587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-015-3187-2"},{"key":"bibr27-1060028018803587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.01180307"},{"key":"bibr28-1060028018803587","first-page":"1691","volume":"32","author":"Moroni G","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"bibr29-1060028018803587","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration; Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. 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