{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:24:26Z","timestamp":1787063066655,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,30]],"date-time":"2018-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543536000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Objective: People with type 1 diabetes often have suboptimal glycemic control. The gold standard of treatment is basal-bolus insulin or subcutaneous insulin infusion via insulin pump. Although insulin therapy improves glycemic control, weight gain and hypoglycemia often limit achievement of hemoglobin A\n                    <jats:sub>1C<\/jats:sub>\n                    (A1C) goals. The number of people with type 1 diabetes who are overweight or obese is increasing, and there are many similarities between what was historically called type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Therefore, there is rationale for using antihyperglycemic agents that target other pathophysiological abnormalities to facilitate weight loss and improve glycemic control. Data Sources: We performed a MEDLINE search from 1975 through October 2018 to identify articles that studied noninsulin agents in adults with type 1 diabetes and body mass index (BMI) \u226525 kg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Study Selection and Data Extraction: Identified articles were included if the study duration was \u22654 weeks, included \u226520 patients, and set mean baseline BMI \u2a7e25kg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Data Synthesis: This review summarizes 32 clinical trials. Amylin mimetics, sodium-glucose-like transporter-2 inhibitors, and glucagon-like-peptide-1 receptor agonists demonstrate the greatest improvements in body weight and A1C. The most common adverse effects are hypoglycemia and ketosis. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: Patients with type 1 diabetes may have interest in starting noninsulin agents. Clinicians need to be knowledgeable in the efficacy and adverse effect profile of these agents, specifically in people with type 1 diabetes. Conclusions: Adding noninsulin antihyperglycemic agents may benefit select overweight or obese adults with type 1 diabetes. These agents are off-label, and if used, close monitoring is essential.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028018816728","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,30]],"date-time":"2018-11-30T06:13:42Z","timestamp":1543558422000},"page":"371-384","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Adjunct Antihyperglycemic Agents in Overweight and Obese Adults With Type 1 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5743-9458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Isaacs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic Diabetes Center, Cleveland, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Yager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcie","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Wolfe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Luxenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Parma, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanela","family":"Lekic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1060028018816728","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-0144"},{"key":"bibr2-1060028018816728","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-0078"},{"key":"bibr3-1060028018816728","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2015.11.016"},{"key":"bibr4-1060028018816728","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-018-0496-z"},{"key":"bibr5-1060028018816728","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-1585"},{"key":"bibr6-1060028018816728","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-S006"},{"key":"bibr7-1060028018816728","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-837662"},{"key":"bibr8-1060028018816728","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.4.724"},{"key":"bibr9-1060028018816728","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2004.01319.x"},{"key":"bibr10-1060028018816728","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-0042"},{"key":"bibr11-1060028018816728","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-1026"},{"key":"bibr12-1060028018816728","unstructured":"Symlin [package insert]. 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