{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T23:59:22Z","timestamp":1777420762422,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,31]],"date-time":"2019-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Current guidelines advocate for antiretroviral therapy (ART) simplification in patients on complicated regimens. Simplifying ART improves patient adherence and quality of life, but changes in drug interactions (DIs) are uncertain. Objective: This study assessed changes in DIs following ART simplification in patients with HIV. Methods: This was an observational, retrospective cohort study of patients attending an urban HIV clinic. Patients were included if they had ART simplification (a decreased number of daily tablets) and \u22651 concomitant medication (CM). Total DI scores were generated for each patient pre\u2013ART simplification and post\u2013ART simplification using an online DI database. Each ART-CM pair labeled as \u201cdo not co-administer\u201d was given a score of 2, \u201cpotential interaction\u201d a score of 1, or \u201cno interaction\u201d a score of 0. Differences in total DI scores following simplification were analyzed with a Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test. Predictors of DI score reductions were examined with linear regression. Results: A total of 99 patients were included. Their median age was 54 years, and 79% were male. The median durations of HIV infection and ART were 16 and 10 years, respectively. Patients were receiving an average of 4.5 CMs. Median interaction scores presimplification and postsimplification were 3 (interquartile range [IQR], 1-6) and 1 (IQR, 0-2) respectively ( P &lt; 0.001). Predictors of score reductions were the patient\u2019s number of CMs, discontinuing a protease inhibitor, and switching to a dolutegravir-based regimen. Conclusion and Relevance: ART simplification decreased the incidence of DIs in this analysis of patients with advanced age who had ART experience and polypharmacy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028019867970","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,31]],"date-time":"2019-07-31T06:19:51Z","timestamp":1564553991000},"page":"36-42","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Incidence and Severity of Drug Interactions Before and After Antiretroviral Therapy Simplification in Treatment-Experienced Patients With HIV Infection"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Nicholas V.","family":"Hastain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aleena","family":"Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1231-0973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason J.","family":"Schafer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1060028019867970","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2014.26.6.521"},{"key":"bibr2-1060028019867970","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-017-2315-2"},{"key":"bibr3-1060028019867970","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2017.0081"},{"key":"bibr4-1060028019867970","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu046"},{"key":"bibr5-1060028019867970","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000001677"},{"key":"bibr6-1060028019867970","first-page":"115","volume":"4","author":"Airoldi M","year":"2010","journal-title":"Patient Prefer Adherence"},{"key":"bibr7-1060028019867970","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2009.0259"},{"key":"bibr8-1060028019867970","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001193"},{"key":"bibr9-1060028019867970","first-page":"93","volume":"27","author":"Pedrol E","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev Esp Quimioter"},{"key":"bibr10-1060028019867970","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462417728207"},{"key":"bibr11-1060028019867970","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462417730474"},{"key":"bibr12-1060028019867970","unstructured":"Department of Health and Human Services Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in adults and adolescents living with HIV. http:\/\/aidsinfo.nih.gov\/contentfiles\/lvguidelines\/AdultandAdolescentGL.pdf. Accessed July 19, 2019."},{"key":"bibr13-1060028019867970","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001014"},{"key":"bibr14-1060028019867970","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.2043"},{"key":"bibr15-1060028019867970","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix518"},{"key":"bibr16-1060028019867970","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12205"},{"key":"bibr17-1060028019867970","first-page":"1023","volume":"45","author":"So-Ngem A","year":"2014","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"bibr18-1060028019867970","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.27.10.1379"},{"key":"bibr19-1060028019867970","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0203890"},{"key":"bibr20-1060028019867970","unstructured":"Lopez-Centeno B, Badenes-Olmedo C, Mataix-Sanjuan A, et al. Polypharmacy and drug-drug interactions in HIV-infected subjects in the region of Madrid (Spain): a population-based study. Poster presented at: HIV Drug Therapy, Glasgow 2018; October 28-31, 2018; Glasgow, Scotland."},{"key":"bibr21-1060028019867970","unstructured":"Edelman EJ, Gordon K, Akgun K, et al. HIV+ individuals on ART are at risk of polypharmacy: more medication increases mortality. Poster presented at: 2013 IDWeek; October 2-6, 2013; San Francisco, CA."},{"key":"bibr22-1060028019867970","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001756"},{"key":"bibr23-1060028019867970","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-013-2449-6"}],"container-title":["Annals of Pharmacotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1060028019867970","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1060028019867970","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1060028019867970","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:15:08Z","timestamp":1777374908000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1060028019867970"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,31]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1060028019867970"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1060028019867970","relation":{},"ISSN":["1060-0280","1542-6270"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1060-0280","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-6270","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,31]]}}}