{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:11Z","timestamp":1777420811908,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,6]],"date-time":"2019-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Background: Intravenous (IV) sulfamethoxazole\/trimethoprim (SMX\/TMP) has been associated with hyponatremia in adults. Objective: The primary objective was to identify the number of patients with a serum sodium &lt;135 mEq\/L. Secondary objectives between the hyponatremic versus nonhyponatremic groups included demographic comparisons, median serum sodium concentrations, SMX\/TMP cumulative dose, number of diuretics, and other medications causing hyponatremia. Methods: This was a retrospective study of children &lt;18 years receiving IV SMP\/TMX. Comparisons were conducted via Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon and Mantel-Haenszel \u03c7\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    tests with an a priori P value &lt;0.05. Results: Sixty-one patients received 66 total courses; 20 courses (30.3%) were associated with hyponatremia with a decrease in the median nadir serum sodium concentration of 133 and 138 mEq\/L in the hyponatremic and nonhyponatremic groups, respectively ( P&lt;0.001). The median age (interquartile range) was lower in the hyponatremic versus nonhyponatremic group, but this was not statistically significant: 0.6 (0.1-5.5) versus 3.9 (0.3-11.0) years; P=0.077. There was no significant difference in the median cumulative dose (mg\/kg) between groups; P=0.104. In addition, there was a significant difference in the number of children in the hyponatremic versus nonhyponatremic groups receiving diuretics (16 [80.0%] vs 23 [50.0%], P=0.023) and other medications that cause hyponatremia (7 [35.0%] vs 5 [10.9%], P=0.034), respectively. Furosemide was noted to be the medication most associated with hyponatremia. Conclusion and Relevance: Approximately one-third administered IV SMX\/TMP developed hyponatremia. Concomitant furosemide administration was one of the most common risk factors. Clinicians should be aware of this potential adverse event when initiating IV SMX\/TMP in children.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028019887919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]],"date-time":"2019-11-07T01:33:28Z","timestamp":1573090408000},"page":"351-358","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Hyponatremia With Intravenous Sulfamethoxazole\/Trimethoprim in Children"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Katy","family":"Stephens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jamie L.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, OK, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teresa V.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, OK, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Neely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, OK, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3022-4403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter N.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, OK, 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