{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T14:40:52Z","timestamp":1782830452936,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,20]],"date-time":"2020-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579478400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Pharmacother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Gaps and inconsistencies in published information about optimal antibiotic treatment duration for uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) in pediatric patients pose a dilemma for antibiotic stewardship. Objective: Evaluate the association of antibiotic treatment duration with recurrence rates in children with new-onset cystitis or pyelonephritis. Methods: Retrospective cohort analysis of patients aged 2 to 17 years with new-onset cystitis or pyelonephritis and without renal\/anatomical abnormality was conducted using Truven Health MarketScan Database for 2013-2015. Results: Of 7698 patients, 85.5% had cystitis, 14.3% pyelonephritis. Duration of antibiotic treatment was as follows: 3 to 5 days for cystitis (20.4%) or 7 (33.6%), 10 (44.2%), or 14 (1.8%) days for any UTI. Recurrence occurred in 5.5% of patients. Covariates associated with increased recurrence risk included pretreatment antibiotic exposure (odds ratio [OR] = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.06-1.57), pyelonephritis on diagnosis date (OR = 1.44; 95% CI = 1.03-2.00), follow-up visit during antibiotic treatment (OR = 3.21; 95% CI = 2.20-4.68), parenteral antibiotic (OR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.33-2.69), and interaction of pyelonephritis diagnosis with nitrofurantoin monotherapy (OR = 3.68; 95% CI = 1.20-11.29). After adjustment for covariates, the association between duration of antibiotic treatment and recurrence was not significant (compared with 7 days: 10 days: OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.85-1.33; 14 days: OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.45-1.78). Conclusions and Relevance: Antibiotic treatment duration was not significantly associated with recurrence of uncomplicated UTI in a national pediatric cohort. Results provide support for shorter-course treatment, consistent with antimicrobial stewardship efforts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028019900650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,21]],"date-time":"2020-01-21T01:33:01Z","timestamp":1579570381000},"page":"757-766","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Association of Antibiotic Treatment Duration With Recurrence of Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection in Pediatric Patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6043-6445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Titilola M.","family":"Afolabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA"},{"name":"Phoenix Children\u2019s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9736-0891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kellie J.","family":"Goodlet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen A.","family":"Fairman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1060028019900650","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000152092.03931.9a"},{"key":"bibr2-1060028019900650","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-3465"},{"key":"bibr3-1060028019900650","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-0685"},{"key":"bibr4-1060028019900650","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021698"},{"key":"bibr5-1060028019900650","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2016.1181"},{"key":"bibr6-1060028019900650","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1647"},{"key":"bibr7-1060028019900650","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2015.05.003"},{"key":"bibr8-1060028019900650","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-1330"},{"key":"bibr9-1060028019900650","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-3026"},{"key":"bibr10-1060028019900650","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq257"},{"key":"bibr11-1060028019900650","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.88.1.89-a"},{"key":"bibr12-1060028019900650","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.5.e70"},{"key":"bibr13-1060028019900650","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.87.2.118"},{"key":"bibr14-1060028019900650","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003966"},{"key":"bibr15-1060028019900650","unstructured":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). 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